Mark Zuckerberg and Daniel Ek on why Europe should embrace open-source AI

It risks falling behind because of incoherent and complex regulation, say the two tech CEOs

Mark Zuckerberg is the founder and chief executive of Meta. Daniel Ek is the founder and chief executive of Spotify.

原文：

THIS IS AN important moment in technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) has

the potential to transform the world—increasing human productivity,

accelerating scientific progress and adding trillions of dollars to the global

economy.

这是科技的一个重要时刻。人工智能(AI)有潜力改变世界——提高人类生产力，加速科学进步，为全球经济增加数万亿美元。

原文：

But, as with every innovative leap forward, some are better positioned than

others to benefit. The gaps between those with access to build with this

extraordinary technology and those without are already beginning to appear.

That is why a key opportunity for European organisations is through open-

source AI—models whose weights are released publicly with a permissive

licence. This ensures power isn’t concentrated among a few large players

and, as with the internet before it, creates a level playing field.

但是，正如每一次创新飞跃一样，有些人比其他人更容易受益。拥有这种非凡技术的人和没有这种技术的人之间的差距已经开始显现。这就是为什么欧洲组织的一个关键机会是通过开源人工智能——其权重以许可的形式公开发布的模型。这确保了权力不会集中在少数几个大玩家手中，就像之前的互联网一样，创造了一个公平的竞争环境。

学习：
power is concentrated：权力集中

level：公平的

a level playing field：公平竞争的环境；公平的条件；平等的机会；

原文：

The internet largely runs on open-source technologies, and so do most

leading tech companies. We believe the next generation of ideas and startups

will be built with open-source AI, because it lets developers incorporate the

latest innovations at low cost and gives institutions more control over their

data. It is the best shot at harnessing AI to drive progress and create economic

opportunity and security for everyone.

互联网很大程度上依靠开源技术运行，大多数领先的科技公司也是如此。我们相信下一代的想法和创业公司将由开源人工智能构建，因为它让开发者以低成本整合最新的创新，并让机构对他们的数据有更多的控制权。这是利用人工智能推动进步、为每个人创造经济机会和安全的最佳机会。

学习：

best shot：最佳机会

原文：

Meta open-sources many of its AI technologies, including its state-of-the-art

Llama large language models, and public institutions and researchers are

already using these models to speed up medical research and preserve

languages. With more open-source developers than America has, Europe is

particularly well placed to make the most of this open-source AI wave. Yet its

fragmented regulatory structure, riddled with inconsistent implementation, is

hampering innovation and holding back developers. Instead of clear rules

that inform and guide how companies do business across the continent, our

industry faces overlapping regulations and inconsistent guidance on how to

comply with them. Without urgent changes, European businesses, academics

and others risk missing out on the next wave of technology investment and

economic-growth opportunities.

Meta开源了许多人工智能技术，包括其最先进的Llama大型语言模型，公共机构和研究人员已经在使用这些模型来加快医学研究和保护语言。由于拥有比美国更多的开源开发者，欧洲特别适合充分利用这一开源人工智能浪潮。然而，其支离破碎的监管结构，充斥着不一致的执行，阻碍了创新和开发者。我们的行业没有明确的规则来告知和指导公司如何在欧洲大陆开展业务，而是面临重叠的监管和不一致的合规指导。如果不进行紧急改革，欧洲企业、学者和其他人可能会错失下一波技术投资和经济增长机会。

学习：
riddled with：泛滥的；充斥的

原文：

Spotify is proud to be held up as a European tech success but we are also

well aware that we remain one of only a few. Looking back, it’s clear that

our early investment in AI made the company what it is today: a personalised

experience for every user that has led to billions of discoveries of artists and

creators around the world. As we look to the future of streaming, we see

tremendous potential to use open-source AI to benefit the industry. This is

especially important when it comes to how AI can help more artists get

discovered. A simplified regulatory structure would not only accelerate the

growth of open-source AI but also provide crucial support to European

developers and the broader creator ecosystem that contributes to and thrives

on these innovations.

Spotify自豪地被捧为欧洲科技成功的典范，但我们也清楚地意识到，我们仍是为数不多的几家之一。回过头来看，很明显，我们对人工智能的早期投资使该公司成为今天的样子:为每个用户提供个性化的体验，这导致了世界各地数十亿艺术家和创作者的发现。当我们展望流媒体的未来时，我们看到了使用开源人工智能造福行业的巨大潜力。当谈到人工智能如何帮助更多的艺术家被发现时，这一点尤为重要。简化的监管结构不仅会加速开源人工智能的增长，还会为欧洲开发者和更广泛的创造者生态系统提供关键支持，这些生态系统为这些创新做出了贡献并从中受益。

原文：

Regulating against known harms is necessary, but pre-emptive regulation of

theoretical harms for nascent technologies such as open-source AI will stifle

innovation. Europe’s risk-averse, complex regulation could prevent it from

capitalising on the big bets that can translate into big rewards.

针对已知危害进行监管是必要的，但对开源人工智能等新生技术的理论危害进行先发制人的监管将扼杀创新。欧洲规避风险的复杂监管可能会阻止它利用可以转化为高额回报的大赌注。

学习：
pre-emptive：先发制人的；预防性的；

nascent：新生的；初生的；

stifle innovation：扼杀创新

risk-averse：厌恶风险

原文：

Take the uneven application of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation

(GDPR). This landmark directive was meant to harmonise the use and flow of

data, but instead EU privacy regulators are creating delays and uncertainty and

are unable to agree among themselves on how the law should apply. For

example, Meta has been told to delay training its models on content shared

publicly by adults on Facebook and Instagram—not because any law has

been violated but because regulators haven’t agreed on how to proceed. In

the short term, delaying the use of data that is routinely used in other regions

means the most powerful AI models won’t reflect the collective knowledge,

culture and languages of Europe—and Europeans won’t get to use the latest

AI products.

以欧盟通用数据保护条例(GDPR)的不均衡应用为例。这项具有里程碑意义的指令旨在协调数据的使用和流动，但欧盟隐私监管机构却在制造拖延和不确定性，并且无法就法律应如何适用达成一致。例如，Meta被告知推迟对成年人在脸书和Instagram上公开分享的内容进行模型训练——不是因为违反了任何法律，而是因为监管机构没有就如何进行达成一致。从短期来看，推迟使用其他地区经常使用的数据意味着最强大的人工智能模型将不会反映欧洲的集体知识、文化和语言——欧洲人将无法使用最新的人工智能产品。

学习：
directive：指示；命令；指令；指导方针；规章；

原文：

These concerns aren’t theoretical. Given the current regulatory uncertainty,

Meta won’t be able to release upcoming models like Llama multimodal,

which has the capability to understand images. That means European

organisations won’t be able to get access to the latest open-source

technology, and European citizens will be left with AI built for someone else.

这些担忧不是理论上的。鉴于目前监管的不确定性，Meta将无法发布像Llama multimodal这样有能力理解图像的即将到来的模型。这意味着欧洲组织将无法获得最新的开源技术，欧洲公民将只能拥有为别人打造的人工智能。

原文：

The stark reality is that laws designed to increase European sovereignty and

competitiveness are achieving the opposite. This isn’t limited to our

industry: many European chief executives, across a range of industries, cite

a complex and incoherent regulatory environment as one reason for the

continent’s lack of competitiveness.

严峻的现实是，旨在增强欧洲主权和竞争力的法律正在适得其反。这不仅限于我们的行业:许多欧洲各行各业的首席执行官都将复杂且不一致的监管环境列为欧洲大陆缺乏竞争力的原因之一。

学习：

stark：赤裸的；光秃的；明显的；

stark reality：赤裸裸的现实；残酷的现实

原文：

Europe should be simplifying and harmonising regulations by leveraging the

benefits of a single yet diverse market. Look no further than the growing gap

between the number of homegrown European tech leaders and those from

America and Asia—a gap that also extends to unicorns and other startups.

Europe needs to make it easier to start great companies, and to do a better

job of holding on to its talent. Many of its best and brightest minds in AI

choose to work outside Europe.

欧洲应该通过利用单一而多样化市场的优势来简化和协调监管。只要看看欧洲本土科技领袖与美国和亚洲科技领袖之间日益扩大的差距就知道了——这种差距也延伸到了独角兽和其他初创公司。欧洲需要让创办大公司变得更容易，并更好地留住人才。许多最优秀、最聪明的人工智能人才选择在欧洲以外的地方工作。

原文：

In short, Europe needs a new approach with clearer policies and more

consistent enforcement. With the right regulatory environment, combined

with the right ambition and some of the world’s top AI talent, the EU would

have a real chance of leading the next generation of tech innovation.

简而言之，欧洲需要一个政策更加清晰、执行更加一致的新方针。有了合适的监管环境，加上合适的雄心和一些世界顶级的人工智能人才，欧盟将有真正的机会引领下一代技术创新。

原文：

We believe that open-source AI can help European organisations make the

most of this new technology by levelling the playing field, and we hope that

the EU doesn’t limit the possibilities that we are only starting to explore.

Though Spotify and Meta use AI in different ways, we agree that thoughtful,

clear and consistent regulation can foster competition and innovation while

also protecting people and giving them access to new technologies that

empower them.

我们相信开源人工智能可以帮助欧洲组织通过创造公平的竞争环境来充分利用这一新技术，我们希望欧盟不要限制我们刚刚开始探索的可能性。尽管Spotify和Meta以不同的方式使用人工智能，但我们一致认为，深思熟虑、清晰和一致的监管可以促进竞争和创新，同时也可以保护人们，让他们获得新技术，增强他们的能力。

原文：

While we can all hope that with time these laws become more refined, we

also know that technology moves swiftly. On its current course, Europe will

miss this once-in-a-generation opportunity. Because the one thing Europe

doesn’t have, unless it wants to risk falling further behind, is time. ■

虽然我们都希望随着时间的推移，这些法律变得更加完善，但我们也知道技术发展迅速。按照目前的路线，欧洲将错过这一代人一次的机会。因为时间是欧洲唯一不具备的东西，除非它想冒进一步落后的风险。■

学习：

technology moves swiftly：技术发展迅速

once-in-a-generation opportunity：一代人一次的机会

后记

2024年8月25日15点58分于上海。