2023年12月6日发(作者：)
PART THREE
Economic and social questions
第三部分
经济与社会问题
Chapter XIV
International drug control
第十四章
国际毒品管制
The United Nations continued in 2005 to strengthen international cooperation in
countering the world drug problem, mainly through the Commission on Narcotic
Drugs, the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) and the United Nations
Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The UN system’s drug control activities
focused on carrying out the 1999 Action Plan for the Implementation of the
Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction.
2005年，联合国主要通过麻醉药品委员会、国际麻醉品管制局（麻管局）、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室（禁毒办）这三个部门的工作，继续加强国际合作，应对世界毒品问题。整个联合国系统的毒品管制活动主要集中在实施1999年《关于执行减少毒品需求指导原则 宣言的行动计划》。
UNODC coordinated the drug control activities of UN organizations and provided
technical expertise to Member States. As the custodian of international conventions
to counter the world drug problem, it assisted States in complying with those
conventions and supported INCB in monitoring their implementation. States and
the international community were assisted in improving data collection and
analysis. UNODC also contributed to a strengthened international drug control
system through its integrated portfolio of global programmes and regional and
country projects. In addition, support was provided for the design and
implementation of alternative development programmes and projects in all regions
where illicit drugs were cultivated.
联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室（禁毒办）协调联合国各机构的毒品管制活动，并为会员国提供技术援助和知识型专长。禁毒办作为对付世界毒品问题的各项国际公约的保管人，协助各国遵守这些公约的规定，并支持国际麻醉品管制局监督公约的执行情况。协助各国和国际社会改善数据收集和分析工作。禁毒办继续改善可供会员国利用的数据和分析工作，通过其全球方案以及区域和国家项目加强国际毒品管制体系。另外，禁毒办支持在非法作物种植地区设计和实施替代发展方案。
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs—the main UN drug control policymaking body— recommended a number of draft resolutions to the Economic and Social Council
and adopted resolutions on the follow-up to the General Assembly’s twentieth
(1998) special session on countering the world drug problem, implementation of
the international drug control treaties, demand reduction and the prevention of
drug abuse, alternative development, illicit drug trafficking and supply,
administrative and budgetary matters and strengthening UN machinery for
international drug control. In July, the Council urged Governments to continue to
contribute to maintaining a balance between the licit supply of and demand for
opiate raw materials for medical and scientific needs, to prevent their illicit
production or diversion and to remove barriers to the medical use of opioid
analgesics. It encouraged the development, implementation and strengthening of
measures for the prevention and suppression of illicit drug trafficking and to
promote demand reduction in transit States. The Council called on the international
community to support Afghanistan’s counter-narcotics objectives and requested
UNODC to ensure that multilateral support was provided. That call was echoed by
the Assembly in December. Also in December, the Assembly adopted an omnibus
resolution on international cooperation against the world drug problem that
addressed data collection and research; community capacity-building; demand
reduction; illicit synthetic drugs; control of substances; judicial cooperation;
countering money-laundering; and illicit crop eradication and alternative
development.
联合国药物管制的主要决策机构——麻醉药品委员会向经社理事会推荐了若干决议草案，还通过了有关联合国大会第二十届特别会议（1998年）后续行动的多项决议，这次特别会议讨论了打击世界毒品问题、执行国际毒品管制条约、减少需求和预防药物滥用、替代发展方案、非法毒品贩运及供应、行政和预算事项、加强联合国机构的国际药品管制。7月，经社理事会敦促各国政府努力保持医学与科学需要的阿片剂原料合法供需之间的平衡，以防止阿片剂原料的非法生产或转移，消除类阿片止痛剂用于医学的屏障。经社会鼓励发展、实施并加强旨在预防和打压非法毒品贩运措施的措施，推动过境国降低毒品需求。经社会呼吁国际社会支持阿富汗打击麻醉品的目标，并要求禁毒办确保提供多边援助。联合国大会12月重申了该呼吁。12月，大会通过了一项关于打击世界毒品问题的国际合作的决议，决议涉及的问题包括：数据收集和研究、社区能力建设、减少需求、非法合成药物、物质管制、司法合作、反洗钱、根除非法作物和替代发展。
INCB reviewed the implementation of alternative development programmes,
highlighting best practices and models for increasing their effectiveness. It
continued to oversee the implementation of the three major international drug
control conventions, analyse the drug situation worldwide and draw the attention
of Governments to weaknesses in national control and treaty compliance, making
suggestions and recommendations for improvements at the national and
international levels.
国际麻醉品管制局对替代发展方案的执行情况进行了审查，强调了提高方案效力的最佳做法和模式。麻管局继续监督三大国际药物管制公约的执行情况，分析世界毒品形势，提醒各国政府注意国家管制和条约遵守方面的薄弱环节，在国家和国际层面上提出了改进的意见和建议。
Chapter XV
Statistics
第十五章
统计
The United Nations continued its statistical work programme in 2005, mainly
through the activities of the Statistical Commission and the United Nations
Statistics Division. In March, the Statistical Commission recommended to the
Economic and Social Council the adoption of a draft resolution launching the 2010
World Population and Housing Census Programme; the Council adopted the
resolution in July. The Commission also endorsed the 2006-2007 work programme
for the Statistics Division, and approved the Commission’s multi-year programme
of work for 2005-2008.
2005年，联合国主要通过统计委员会及联合国统计司的活动来继续进行统计工作方案。3月，统计委员会建议经社理事会通过一项关于开展2010年世界人口和住房普查方案的决议草案；7月，经社会通过了此项决议。此外，该委员会通过了统计司2006-2007年的工作方案，并批准了委员会2005-2008年的工作方案。
The Commission reviewed the work of groups of countries and international
organizations in various areas of economic, social, demographic and environment
statistics and made specific recommendations and suggestions.
统计委员会审查了国家集团和国际组织在经济、社会、人口和环境统计等多个领域的工作，并给出了具体的建议和意见。
PART FOUR
第四部分
Legal questions
法律问题
Chapter I
第一章
International Court of Justice
国际法院
In 2005, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered three Judgments, made
four Orders and had 14 contentious cases pending before it.
2005年，国际法院做出了3项判决，发布了4项命令，及14待决宗诉讼案件。
In a 27 October address to the General Assembly, the ICJ President noted that the
disputes resolved by the Court represented a level of activity unprecedented in its
history. Faced with a growing caseload, ICJ had made efforts to increase its judicial
efficiency, while maintaining the quality of its work. Among other reforms, it had
modernized the organization of the Registry, reviewed and adapted its internal
working methods, and modified its Rules where necessary. More States were
accepting its jurisdiction to resolve their disputes with other nations. The ICJ
President also noted that the Secretary-General, in his May report “In Larger
Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (see p. 67), had
urged States to recognize ICJ’s role in adjudicating their disputes and to consider
how to further strengthen the Court’s work.
10月27日，国际法院院长在联合国大会上发言时指出国际法院解决争端所表现出来的行动水平在史上前所未有。面对案件的增多，国际法院努力增强司法效率，同时保证工作质量。国际法院进行的改革包括：完成了书记官处组织机构的现代化；省查和调整了其部工作方法；以及酌情修订了《规则》。越来越多的国家正在接受国际法院的管辖权，以此来解决与其他国家的纠纷。国际法院院长还强调指出，秘书长在其五月《大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权》的报告中（见67页）敦促各国认可国际法院在判决各国争议方面的作用以及考虑如何继续加强法庭的工作。 Chapter II
第二章
International tribunals and court
国际刑事法庭和法院
In 2005, the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for
Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of
the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY) made significant progress in
accomplishing its mandate by 2010. As part of that effort, a pilot e-Court system
was implemented in February, integrating all documents into a central electronic
database. In March, a Special War Crimes Chamber was established within the State
Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to receive cases from ICTY and take over cases of
lower-level accused not being pursued by the Tribunal. In August, the Security
Council amended ICTY Statute to extend the terms of office of some short- term
judges, to allow them to finish adjudicating the cases on which they had begun
working.
2005年，起诉应对1991年以来前南斯拉夫境所犯严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者的国际法庭（前南问题国际刑事法庭）在争取到2010年完成任务方面取得了重大进展，其努力包括2月开展的电子法院系统的试点工作，即把所有文件都放入中央电子数据库。3 月，在波黑国家法院设立特别战争罪审判庭，负责受理审理前南问题国际刑事法庭的案件和法庭不追诉的较低级别的被告人的案件。8月，安理会修订了前南问题国际刑事法庭规约，延长了一些短期法官的任期，以让他们完成他们着手的审案件的判决。
During the year, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons
Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens
Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of
Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 (ICTR) rendered
three judgments and commenced three new trials. The Tribunal was on course to
completing all trials by 2008. Mean- while, outreach programme activities
continued to be a priority for ICTR, with the Information Centre in Rwanda being its
focal point. To that end, seminars and workshops on international humanitarian
and criminal law were held for Rwandan legal practitioners.
同年，起诉应对1994年1月1日至12月31日期间在卢旺达境的种族灭绝和其他严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者和应对这一期间邻国境种族灭绝和其他这类违法行为负责的卢旺达公民的国际刑事法庭的报告（卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭）作出了3项判决，并开始审理3宗新案件，该法庭于2008年完成目前正在进行的所有审判。 同时，外联方案继续是一个优先事项，卢旺达信息中心是其重点。为此目的，为卢旺达法律工作者举办了国际人道主义法和刑法问题讨论会和讲习班。
The International Criminal Court (ICC), in its second year of functioning, began its
operational phase, conducting investigation into situations of concern in three
countries. In June, the Security Council referred to it the situation in the Darfur
region of the Sudan.
国际刑事法院在其运作的第二年开始了运作阶段，对3个国家的受关注局势进行调查。6月，安理会协助该法庭调查苏丹达尔富尔地区的情况。 Chapter IV
第四章
Law of the sea
海洋法
The United Nations continued in 2005 to promote universal acceptance of the 1982
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and its two implementing
Agreements on the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and
highly migratory fish and on the privileges and immunities of the International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
2005年，联合国继续推进1982年《联合国海洋法公约》及两份关于养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群实施协定，使其得到广泛接受。2005年，联合国还协助国际海洋法法庭开展工作。
The three institutions created by the Convention—the International Seabed
Authority, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Commission on
the Limits of the Continental Shelf—held sessions during the year.
《公约》创立的三个机构，即国际海底管理局、国际海洋法法庭和大陆架界限委员会， 都在本年度召开了会议。
Part Four: Legal questions
第四部分: 法律问题
I. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
1379
第一章 国际法院 1379
Judicial work of the Court, 1379; Other questions, 1385.
法院司法工作,1379;其他问题，1385。
II. INTERNATIONAL
1387
TRIBUNALS AND COURT
第二章 国际刑事法庭和法院 1387
INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, 1387: The Chambers,
1387; Office of the Prosecutor, 1395; The Registry, 1395; Financing, 1395.
INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA, 1397: The Chambers, 1397; Office of
the Prosecutor, 1399; The Registry, 1399; Financing, 1399. FUNCTIONING OF THE
TRIBUNALS, 1401: Implementation of completion strategy, 1402. INTERNATIONAL
CRIM- INAL COURT, 1402: The Chambers, 1404.
前南斯拉夫问题国际法庭，1387：分庭，1387；检察官办公室，1395；书记官处，1395；筹资，1395。卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭，1397；分庭，1397；检察官办公室，1399；书记官处，1399；筹资，1399。法庭的运作，1401：完成工作战略的执行，1402。国际刑事法院，1402：分庭，1404。
III. LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL RELATIONS
14061406
第三章 国际政治关系的
法律方面
INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, 1406: Unilateral acts of States, 1408;
Responsibility of international organizations, 1408; Fragmentation of international
law, 1409; Shared natural resources, 1409. Expulsion of aliens, 1409; Effects of
armed conflicts on treaties, 1410. INTERNATIONAL STATE RELATIONS AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1410: Jurisdictional immunities of States and their property,
1410; International terrorism, 1410; Safety and security of United Nations and
associated personnel, 1419. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS , 1421: Protection of
diplomatic and consular missions and representatives, 1421. TREATIES AND
AGREEMENTS, 1422: Reservations to treaties, 1422; Treaties involving international
organizations, 1422; Registration and publication of treaties by the United Nations,
1422.
国际法委员会，1406：单边国家法案， 1408；国际组织的责任，1408；国际法分法，1409；共享的自然资源，1409。驱逐外国人，1409；武装冲突条约的影响, 1410。国际国家关系与国际法，1410：国家及其财产的管辖豁免，1410；国际恐怖主义，1410；联合国及相关人事的安全和保障，1419。外交关系，1421：对外交和领事团和代表的保护，1421。条约和协议，1422：有关国际组织的条约，1422；由联合国登记出版的条约，1422。
IV. LAW OF THE SEA
1424
第四章 海洋法 1424
UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 1424: Institutions created by the
Convention, 1433; Other developments related to the Convention, 1435; Division
for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, 1444.
《联合国海洋法公约》，1424：由《公约》创立的机构，1433；与《公约》有关的其他发展，1435；海洋事务和海洋法司，1444。
V. OTHER LEGAL QUESTIONS
1445
第五章 其他法律问题 1445
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1445:
Strengthening the role of the United Nations, 1445; UN Programme for the
teaching and study of international law, 1449; Observer status for the Hague
Conference on Private International Law, 1451; Host country relations, 1451.
INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1454: International bioethics law, 1454. INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC LAW, 1455: International trade law, 1456.
国际组织和国际法，1455：加强联合国的作用，1455；联合国关于教导和学习国际法律的项目，1449；关于国际私法海牙会议上观察员地位，1451；东道国关系，1451。国际法，1454：国际生态伦理法，1454。国际经济法，1455：国际贸易法，1456。
Part Five: Institutional, administrative and budgetary questions
第五部分 体制、行政和预算问题
I. STRENGTHENING AND RESTRUCTURING
1467
OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
第一章 加强和重组联合国系统 1467
PROGRAMME OF REFORM, 1467: General aspects, 1467; Agenda for change, 1468;
Implementation of the Millennium Declaration, 1468; Managerial reform and
oversight, 1470. INTERGOVERNMENTAL MACHINERY, 1478.
改革方案，1467：一般性问题，1467；关于改变的议程，1468；《千年宣言》的实施，1468；管理改革和监督，1470。政府间机制，1478。
II. UNITED
NATIONS FINANCING AND PROGRAMMING 1482
第二章 联合国筹资和方案拟定 1482
FINANCIAL SITUATION, 1482: Budget for 2004-2005, 1483; Programme budget
outline for 2006-2007, 1489. CONTRIBUTIONS, 1498: Assessments, 1498.
ACCOUNTS AND AUDITING, 1502: Review of UN administrative and financial
functioning, 1503. PROGRAMME PLANNING, 1503: Programme performance, 1504.
财务状况，1482：2004-2005年预算，1483；2006-2007年方案预算大纲。会费，1498：分派摊款，1498。账户和审计，1502：联合国行政和财政业务审查，1503。方案规划，1503：
方案执行情况，1504。
III. UNITED NATIONS STAFF 1505
第三章 联合国人事事项 1505
CONDITIONS OF SERVICE, 1505: International Civil Service Commission, 1505;
Remuneration issues, 1505; Other remuneration issues, 1508. OTHER STAFF
MATTERS, 1512: Managerial efficiency and strengthening accountability, 1512;
Personnel policies, 1514; UN Joint Staff Pension Fund, 1527; Travel-related matters,
1528; Administration of justice, 1528.
服务条件，1505：国际民事服务委员会，1505；c酬劳事项，1505；其他酬劳事项，1508。其他人事事项，1512：管理效率和加强责任，1512；人事政策，1514；联合国合办工作人员养恤基金，1527；旅行和先关事宜，1528；部司法，1528。
IV. INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
1536
第四章 体制及行政问题 1536
INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY, 1536: General Assembly, 1536; Security Council,
1539; Economic and Social Council, 1539. COORDINATION, MONITORING AND
COOPERATION, 1540: Institutional mechanisms, 1540; Other coordination matters,
1541. THE UN AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, 1542: Observer status, 1542;
Participation in UN work, 1543. CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS, 1545: Committee
on Conferences, 1545. UN INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 1550. OTHER MATTERS, 1551:
Commons, 1551; UN premises and property, 1552; Security, 1556.
体制机制，1536：联合国大会，1539；安全理事会，1539；经济及社会理事会，1539。协调、监督与合作，1540： 体制机制，1540；其他协调事项，1541。联合国和其他组织，1542：组织观察员地位，1542；参与联合国工作，1543。会议，1545：会议委员会，1545.联合国信息系统，1550。其他问题，1551：公共服务，1551；联合国地址和财产，1552，安全，1556。
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