2024年1月26日发(作者：)
2011年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of English
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise
precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes inthe function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dating back to the 1930?s indicate
that laughter. muscles,
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological ,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual?s emotionalstate. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It
was argued at the end of the 19century that humans do not cry ______they
are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.
1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like
2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected
8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal
11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at
13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because
14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses
15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
1
th
16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold
17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent
18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing
20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since thesudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert?s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of thenext music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least
some Timesreaders as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or evena good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my
CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live
performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic q2
th
uality than today?s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a
time and place of the listener?s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive newmusic that is not yet available on record. Gilbert?s own interest in new musichas been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described himas a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant ” what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra?s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert andthe Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert?s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.
[B]raised suspicion.
[C]received acclaim.
[D]aroused curiosity.
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.
[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.
[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.
[D]overestimate the value of live performances.
24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.
[C]They help improve the quality of music.
[D]They have only covered masterpieces.
25. Regarding Gilbert?s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
3
Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,
his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue
my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,McGee ”says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time
with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect
on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn?t alone. In recent weeksthe No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanationthat they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plansin response to shareholder pressure, executives who don?t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that themost attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”can?t think I of a single search I?ve donewhere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven?t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it?s safer to stay where you are, but that?s been fundamentally inverted,says one ” headhunter. “The people who?ve been hurt the worst are those who?ve stayed too long.”4
26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives? quitting may be spurred
by
[A]their expectation of better financial status.
[B]their need to reflect on their private life.
[C]their strained relations with the boards.
[D]their pursuit of new career goals.
28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.
[B]attended to.
[C]hunted for.
[D]guarded against.
29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.
[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.
[C]top performers care more about reputations.
[D]it?s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A]CEOs: Where to Go?
[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you
paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today canexploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approachthe broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users? responses. But in some cases, one marketer?s owned media become another marketer?5
s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on itsWeb site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectivelybegan with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will
no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makesthe site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies? marketing, and may help expand
user traffic for all companies concerned.
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible,
and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company?s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some
of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
ers may create “earnedmedia ” when they are
[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.
[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature
[A] a safe business environment.
[B] random competition.
[C] strong user traffic.
[D] flexibility in organization.
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
6
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.
34. Toyota Motor?s experience is cited as an example of
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
[D] Popularity of owned media.
Text 4It?s no surprise that Jennifer Senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “Ｉlove My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need toredefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense
condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen
our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is
hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are
also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock,
as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support
kitten-killing ? It doesn?t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn?t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:
7
obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes intheir lives.
Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents
are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their
“own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It?s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children
just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it?s interesting to wonder if the imageswe see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren?t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the
Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer er Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[A]temporary delight
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in retrospect
[D]lasting reward
learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D]having children is highly valued by the public.
is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by the media.
[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
ing to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.
of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
8
[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E
and Ghave been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
1. (10 points)
[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a
doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half ofall doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.
[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that everyeducated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a
“general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the greatbooks are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.
[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships forwhich they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is
partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor?s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not beentrained.
[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half ofHarvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors a9
nd lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on
a professional qualification.
[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”disciplines So acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.
[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”t quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.
[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student
thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities,
and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.
G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
With its theme that “Mind is the masterweaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allenis
an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46) Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think o10
Ye
ne way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in realitywe are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don?t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen?s book is its contention that “Circumstances donot make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority ofthose at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each
set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanitywould never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then
we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person?s early life and its conditions are
often the greatest gift to an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen?s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
Section ⅢWritingPart ions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation
Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.
Do not writer the address.(10 points)
Part B52. Directions:
11
Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain it?s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.
Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
12
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB
21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC
41-45 BDCAE
翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。51. Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.(10points)
小作文范文：Dear friends:
Recently a lot of new movies, you concern?
I recently saw a movie is especially suitable for name is "If You
Are The One".First of all it has very powerful cast. Storyline is very ters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understanding of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie can be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lot. Dearfriends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how youfeel. Miss you!
52、Direction13
--因为我们不但实际上我们一直面临着一个也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人
Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your
essay ,you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended measing and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)
大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can notprevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us
more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing
industrialization" our chief we are often ready to offer everything: cleanair, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our isa constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the
benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why?
It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengersover the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The
bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sadfact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society.
In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance ofenvironmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts shouldbe made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the
environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves
14
答案解析1.C
解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是极小”，两句之间是转折关系，确选项。2.D
解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。A. reflect“反映”，B.
一些人提出相反的意见，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有“有益于身体健轻笑可能对身体健康影响C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正demand“要求”，C. indicate表明，暗示“”，D. produce产生“”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。3.B
解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting促进，推进“”，C. impairing损害，削弱“”，D. determining决定“”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率4.B
解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是个选项的含义分别是察”，根据语境，只有5.A
解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是功能产生“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四”，B为正确答案。A. transmit 传播“”，B. sustain维持“”，C. evaluate评估“”，D. observe“观B. sustain符合语境。益处。” A. measurable重大的，重要的“”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C.
“益处”搭配的只有A. affordable负担得起的“”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和measurable，故是正确答案。6.B
解析：逻辑分析题。第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In additionB. In fact事实上“”符合上下起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有文语境，是正确选项。7.A
15
解析：语义逻辑题。第二段第二句的意思是说分钟内会降低肌肉张力“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45”，跟上文中的“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉”是相反的关系，所以A. opposite是正确选项。8.D
解析：语义搭配题。空格前后面是“笑肌肉”，A. hardens“使变硬”，B. weakens“减少”，“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很D. relaxes，故正确。C. tightens是变紧“”，D. relaxes放松“”，因为上文提到了显然笑确实起到了相反的作用9.C
解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思是”。“拉紧”的反义词只有“这样的身体放松可能会帮助心理紧张状态的影响。” A. aggravate加剧，恶化“”，B. generate使形成，发生“”，C. moderate“节制，减轻”，D. enhance增加“”，根据上下文语境，只能是10.A
解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的高个体的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是11.B
解析：词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，应该是“根据一个经典的情绪理论，……”A.
A。反馈来提反馈”，“减轻心理压力”，故C是正确选项。Except for表示“除了……”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；B. According
to“根据，按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C. Due to由“于，因为” 后面跟一般原因，排除。12.C
解析：固定搭配题。be rooted in是固定词组表示“来源于……”be rooted跟其它选项不搭配使用，故排除。13.D
解析：逻辑关系题。这句话的意思是“人们不会他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们D. because。D. As for至“于，就……方面说”用以转换话题和表现态度，故才变得伤心。”伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是14.C
解析：词义辨析/语义逻辑题。解题关键although。although表示假设，让步。由上文提“伤心也会在流泪到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另一种情况16
之前”而A. exhausts使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪“”，B. follows 跟随“” C. precedes先于，表示“”，语义不符。在……之前发生(或出现)”；D. suppresses压制；阻止；抑制“15.B
解析：词义辨析题。由已知信息可知原文要表达“证据显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”A.
C. into进入“……中，到……里” B. from 来自“”表原因，符合表达需要，故为正确答案。towards向，朝D. beyond 超出，超过“”意思不符合，故排除。16.D
解析：词义辨析题。A. fetch取来“”，B. bite咬，“叮”，C. pick“采，摘”，D. hold“拿，抱，握住”，根据上下文信息可知该实验要求志愿者用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支笔。的意思最符合。17.A
解析：词义辨析/语义逻辑题。由已知信息种失望的表情“用嘴含住一支笔”推测，这个动作会产生一holdA. disappointed失望的“”意思最符合，B. excited 兴奋的“”，C. joyful快乐的“”，D. indifferent漠不关心的“”都不符合语境，故排除。18.D
解析：词义辨析题。A. adapted to变得习惯于“……, 使适应于……”，B. catered to 迎合，“满足某种需要或要求”，C. turned……to转向“”，D. reacted to对……“作出反应”，根据原文表……”此处正确选项是D. reacted to。达需要“在观看有趣的动画片时19.A
解析：词义辨析题。根据前文信息，由前面的实验结果些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富“那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那”，我们可以推断出一个结论A. suggesting表明，后接结论的句子，符合要求，故为正确答案。B. requiring 需要，“要求”，C.
mentioning “提到”，D. supposing假定，“假设”都不符合上下文语境，故排除。20.C
解析：逻辑分析题。上文提到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能会影响情绪了“笑的生理行为可以使心情好转”，前后句解释的是同一种情况。”，后文又提到A. Eventually和B.
C. Similarly相似“Consequently，都是作为“总结”的副词，D. Conversely表示“相反”，只有的是”，符合上下文逻辑，是正确选项。Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
17
Text One
21.C
解析：推断题。本题要求根据文章第一段，判断社会对响。根据原文第一段第二句Gilbert的任命有什么回应和反“For the most part, the response has been favorable, 和“Hooray! …”[C] received acclaim(得到称赞)。At last!可知回应是积极的，因此正确答案是”干扰项：选项[A] incurred criticism (招致批评)，选项[B] raised suspicion(引起怀疑)，选项[D] aroused curiosity(引起大众的好奇)，都不符合原文意思。22.B
解析：细节题。根据Tommasini在第二段对Gilbert的评论：calls him “ an unpretentious
musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him，可知Tommasini”认为Gilbert是an
unpretentious musician。unpretentious由un(否定前缀)和pretentious构成，考生看到pretentious可以想到pretend (假装，作假)，那么可推出unpretentious是“不做假的，不虚饰或矫揉造作的”，答案[B] modest(谦逊的)意思最为接近，故干扰项：文中提到，[B]项为正确答案。with no air of the formidable conductor about him，意思是“他没有指[A] influential(有影响力的)和选挥家那种强大的、令人敬畏的气势”，据此我们可以排除选项项[C] respectable (值得尊敬的)。选项[D] talented (有才华的)在文中也找不到依据，故排除。23.D
解析：推断题。本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。知，作者自己选择听唱片/录音而不是听现场音乐会。第四段开头作者提到，”，但作者认为从文章第三段可devoted
concertgoers认为“录音不能代替现场表演point(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害devoted concertgoers are missing the
These )，之后是论据支持作者的观点，作者认为recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than
today?s live performances，即录音便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺术品质。[D]项overestimate the value of live performances(高估了现场表演的价值于devoted concertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销到These recordings are cheap，但是这个选项片面，种类演唱会录音”没有概括出作者对于”，原文确实提)是对作者对没有概括性。选项[B]意思是“拒绝大多数devoted concertgoers的观点态度，太浅显，且与原文对devoted concertgoers的描述Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute
for live performance …存在误差。选项[C]意思是“夸大了现场表演的多样性24.D
解析：推断题。关于recordings，作者主要在第四段加以论述。从第四段第三句和第四段最后一句…”“These
”，原文没有提到。recordings are cheap，available everywhere“the widespread availability of
18
such recordings has thus brought 。”很容易推断出选项…[B] They are easily accessible to the
general public(大众很容易就能得到这些唱片)为正确答案。”，由第四段第三句干扰项：选项[A]意思是“唱片在质量方面经常是次于现场音乐会“These recordings are cheapperformancesrecordings
…very often much higher in artistic quality than today?s live
”是对文中“These
”可知选项” [A]是错误的。选项[C]“他们帮助提高了音乐的品质…very often much higher in artistic quality than today?s live performances的曲解。选项[D]太过绝对，无法从文中推出。25.A
解析：态度题。本题考查作者对于最后一段，尤其是最后三句提到，Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用是什么态度。文章“But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely
expanding the orchestra?s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to
succeed, they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new
audience it hopes to attract。”很明显作者认为“Gilbert与众不同的实质仅仅是增加了管弦乐队的节目，这是不够的知作者不满意”，“Gilbert和the Philharmonic要想成功，还必须做一些事情”，由此可Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用。故[A]项doubtful(怀疑的)为正确答案。干扰项：[B]项enthusiastic(充满热情的)和[C]项confident(有信心)为反面干扰项。[D]项puzzled(迷惑的)是不符合常识的，作者不可能对其论述的内容迷惑不解，故排除。Text Two
26.B
解析：细节题。题目问到“当McGee宣布他离开时，对他的态度可以最好的描述为文章首段首句提到，。”“When Liam McGee departed …, his explanation was surprisingly straight
”，后文具体描述时还提到，“Rather than up。”，即“当Liam McGee离开时，他的解释是直率的cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said
糊的理由掩饰他的离开，而是坦率地说中“straight up和“”right out的同义替换。”……”，所以正确答案为，即“他不是用通常模…”[B]项frank(坦率的)，是对文干扰项：[A]项arrogant(傲慢的)是从文中broadcasting his ambition过度推理而来的，不能选；[C]项self-centered(自我为中心的)是从“was very much my decision主观臆断来的，不”能选；[D]项impulsive(冲动的)是近义干扰，但是在原文中找不到依据。27.D
解析：细节题。本题问驱使高级管理人员离职的可能原因。思考他想要经营什么样的公司，他的离职给外界传递了他的McGee isn?t alone。谈到不光McGee是这种情况，言外之意是文章第二段首先谈到，McGeeaspirations(渴望)。第三句And
“很多高级管理人员是同样的… quit with the 情况”，下面举例谈到“… the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express
19
explanation that they were looking for a CEO post，即高管辞职是因为他们有新的渴望，追求”)为正确答案。新的职业目标。故[D]项their pursuit of new career goals(他们追求新的职业目标干扰项：[A]项中的financial status在本段范围内未提及；[B]项中的reflect on their private
life是对文中reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run的严重曲解；[C]项是根据第二段倒数第二句编造的选项，选项内容与原文不符且不能回答本题提问，故为干扰项。28.C
解析：词义题。第四段首句是该段中心句，常规的。后文围绕该中心句论述。要推断的词谈到辞去高级职位寻找更好职位的决定不是poached出现在该段第二句中：For years
executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are
the ones who must be poached。意思是“多年来高官们和猎头坚持这一原则：最新吸引人的CEO候选人一定会……”，从含义上我们可以推断出且是文中出现的be poached的含义为“被寻找、被注意[C]项中的hunted for含义正确，到、被重视”的意思。故从[B]项和[C]项中选答案。考虑到headhunters和search的同义替换，证据确凿，故为正确答案。干扰项：[A]项approved of(被赞成)、[B]项attended of(被照顾、被看护)含义不准确。[D]项guarded against(被预防)与原文意思相反。29.A
解析：推断题。该段第二句提到，The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be
between jobs or to leave a bad one，意思是金融危机使得跳槽或离开糟糕的岗位更可被接受。后面引用一个猎头的话进一步证明这一观点，猎头说：传统的规则认为呆在原地更安全，但是这已经从根本上改变了。那些最受伤的人们是那些呆最长时间的人。used to cling to their posts(高管过去常常坚持他们的岗位[A]项top performers
)是对文中“The traditional rule was
”it?s safer to say where you are, but that?s been fundamentally inverted的同义替换。干扰项：[B]项中提到的loyalty一词是原文没有的概念，“不呆在原岗位”与“忠诚过时”[D]项与本段的核不是同一个概念。[C]项是根据该段首句改编的选项，但与首句含义相反。心信息相反。30.C
解析：本文以Liam McGee的故事开头，他宣布离职的方式非常坦率，两周后找到了新职位。第二段继续谈到，McGee在没有找到新职位的情况下离开，这给了他思考未来的时第三段中心是，高管们更愿意第六段讲如今跳槽或”，故[C]间，同他一样，高管们离职的原因是要去追求新的职业目标。在没有新职位的情况下跳槽。第四段的中心是辞去高级职位然后去寻找更好的工作不是常规“高管们辞职后再去找新工作做法。第五段谈到没有工作就跳槽的那些人并不总是很快就有高职位。离开不好的工作更为可取。文章一直在重复一个主题项Top Managers Jump without a Net(高管们在没有新工作的情况下辞职)为正确答案。文中的20
“McGee leaving without a position lined up，deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump
without a net，to quit a position to look for a better one，jump without a job都在重复这个主题。”CEO们的干扰项：[A]项CEOs: Where to Go(CEO们：路在何方？)，文中并没有谈及出路问题，故不能概括文章主旨；宽泛，没能准确反映中心；Text Three
31.D
解析：细节题。题目“当消费者______时，可能会造就[B]项CEOs: All the Way Up?( CEO们：一路向上？)，很[D]项中的only太过绝对，不能成为文章主旨。,免费?媒体”。定位到第一段第三“earned” media by willingly
故主动地将之向朋友推荐，由句前半句话“Consumers passionate about a product may create
promoting it to friends，意思是”“消费者由于很喜欢某个产品，)。此造就了,免费?媒体”，选项[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products(热衷于向朋友推荐他们最喜欢的产品干扰项：[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain web sites (沉迷于在某个网站进行网购)，而文中未提到网络购买。品促销邮件的鼓励[B] inspired by product-promotion e-mails sent to them (受到产[C]
)，文中是)，文中消费者向朋友推荐喜欢的商品是他们的主动行为，而非被动。eager to help their friends promote quality products (热心帮助朋友推荐高质量的产品向朋友推荐，而非帮朋友推荐，故排除。32.C
解析：细节推断题。题目“由第二段可知，收费媒体的特点是_____”。定位到第二段第四句“We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other
organizations place their content or e-ecommerce engines within that envrionment，由此句可知”收费媒体(sold media)是指那些流量非常大的免费媒体，由于他们的流量如此之大以至于其他于是就会向免费媒的机构也乐于把自己的产品信息或者电子上午引擎置于这些免费媒体中，体购买广告位置(结合本段第三句理解为正确答案。)，由此可知选项[C] strong user traffic(强大的用户流量)干扰项：[A] a safe business environment (安全的商业环境)[B] random competition (自由竞争)[D] flexibility in organization (33.B
解析：细节题。题目“第三段中，作者认为免费媒体______”。第三段提到免费媒体提供由此可知组织灵活)均非文中信息，无中生有。便利的同时，也带来了风险，比如可能被利用去传播某个品牌或产品的负面信息，选项[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing (可能会被用来制造对营销不利的负面影响)正符合此意。21
干扰项：[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers (导致不断与热情的消费者产生冲突)，为反向干扰。[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition (可能会造成更激烈的竞争)，非第三段讲解的内容。[D] deserve all the negative comments about them (应该受到所有这些负面的批评)，原文提到会有负面批评，但未提及是他们应得的，为主观臆断。34.A
解析：例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。定位到末段，末段主要提威胁到产品所属公司的名声，这时公司的到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品，回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota Motor举例，举例中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应，且成功减轻了危害程度。由此可知，例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。)，文中hijacked media的反应。故干扰项：[B] persuading customers into boycotting products (劝说消费者抵制产品末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品，故为张冠李戴。with supportive consumers (与支持自己的消费者合作危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，)，在例子中提到[C] cooperating
Toyota Motor公司缓解其)，这首先属于例子内的信息，不符合例证题的解题思路，次沟通交流不等于合作，故排除。[D] taking advantage of hijacked media (利用被劫持的媒体文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故排除。35.A
解析：主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三句就提出文章中心“companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media，即虽然传统收费媒体仍”在发挥重大作用，但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。媒体形式，并对其作出评论。故选项媒体对应的其他媒体形式后文主要是介绍其他可选择的与传统收费[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media ()为正确答案。干扰项：[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media (被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲突)[C] Dominance of hijacked media (被劫持媒体的支配地位(免费媒体的普遍性Text Four
36.C
解析：细节题。题目“Jenifer Senior在她的文章中认为养育孩子可以带来_____”。定位)[D] Popularity of owned media
)均为文中的部分信息，不足以概括全文，故都排除。到第一段第二句“Senior suggests that we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as
something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a
past-tense condition，意思是说我们应该把幸福看作为一种”看作为一种可以即时即地的快乐。“过去时”的状态，而不应该把它后最后一句补充道，那些一开始让我们情绪低落的事情，22
来可能会是强烈的满足和快乐感的来源。由此可知，选项回忆、回顾往事时的幸福感)为正确答案。[C] happiness in retrospect(幸福的干扰项：[A] temporary delight(暂时的快乐)，为反向干扰。[B] enjoyment in progress(慢慢增加的快乐)，不符合原文过去回报)为无中生有。37.D
解析：推断题。题目“由第二段可知_____”。定位到第二段。第二段是承接第一段中心育孩子能成为后来幸福快乐的源泉”而来的，符合中心表达的意思。而且在第三段首句接着“养(沮丧)与后来(幸福快乐)的对比。[D] lasting reward(持久的第二段提到“in a society that so persistently celebrates procreation(在一个如此赞扬生育的社会中)”，这是一个承上启下的句子，是对第二段的总结，也符合第一段以及第二段对养育孩子的正面评价。故选项[D] having children is highly valued by the public (养育孩子受到大众的高度重视)，是对原文赞扬生育的同义替换，为正确答案。干扰项：[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip (名人妈妈是八卦的不竭来源)、[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention (带孩子的单身母亲应该得到更多的关注)、[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining (名人怀孕的新闻更具有娱乐性均偏离文章中心。38.A
解析：细节推断题。题目“由第三段可知，无儿女的人们会_____”。第三段最后一句而去思考他们当初是不是不应即孩子是世界上唯一最but)，后面的信息提到，不幸福但育有儿女的父母很少会遭到挑衅，该要孩子，但是不幸福且无儿女的人们经常会受到一个信息的困扰，重要的事情。后面又补充道，很明显正是没有孩子这一人生中的空白导直接导致了他们的痛苦。故选项[A] are constantly exposed to criticism (常常是指责的对象)符合此意，为正确答案。)，媒体关注的干扰项：[B] are largely ignored by the media (在很大程度上为媒体所忽视对象的确不是那些不养育孩子的人们，但这不是第三段的内容，故排除。[C] fail to fulfill their
social responsibilities (未能履行他们的社会责任)，文中未提到社会责任这一说，而且本文中[D] are less likely to be satisfied with 心也非讨论不养育孩子人们的社会责任问题，故排除。their life (更有可能对自己的生活不满)，文中比较的是不幸福的有儿女的父母和不幸福的无儿女的人们，但没有明确说哪类人更满意自己的生活，故排除。39.D
解析：细节题。题目中“名人杂志传达的信息是_____”。定位到原文第四段第一句“the
image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely
unrealistic，名人杂志中为人父母的形象是非常不现实的。选项”原文unrealistic的同义替换。[D] misleading(误导的)是对23
干扰选项：[A] soothing (抚慰的，令人宽心的)、[B] ambiguous (模糊的)、[C] compensatory
(补偿的)均为无中生有。40.B
解析：推断题。题目“从最后一段我们可以推断出如下哪个选项”。定位到最后一段转折处“But it?s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,
happiness-enhancing parenthood aren?t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own
satisfactions with the actual experience, in the say way that a small part of us hoped getting ,the
Rachel? might make us just a little bit like Jennifer Anniston(没有压力、提升幸福感的名人形象，意思为我们每周看到的名人形象”名人妈妈形象影响了)会使我们潜意识中对现实经历有所不满。由此可知，选项[B] Celebrity moms have influenced out attitude towards child rearing (我们对抚养孩子的态度)是正确的。干扰选项：[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms(对名人妈妈的魅力影响不大生育孩子)，与末段第一句相反，为反向干扰。[C] Having children intensifies
)，为反向干扰，原因：最后一our dissatisfaction with life(生育孩子加剧了我们对生活的不满段第一句提到养孩子在杂志上是魅力无穷的，但在现实中大多数成年人都懂得养孩子不像理发那么简单，接下来一句转而说杂志上的名人形象到底还是影响到了人们对养育孩子的态度。[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing (我们有时会忽略养育孩子带来的幸福感)，在原文中没提到忽略这种幸福感，属于无中生有。Part B
41.B
解析：从给出的开头段落G，可以看出这是一篇介绍Louis Menand的书The Marketplace
和他的观点的文章，紧接着下面就his concern，暗示提出问题，G选项衔接，故of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University应该讲他书中阐释的问题和他的观点，B选项中开头一句提到指出美国大学存在的主要问题。从结构上来看，41题正确答案为42.D
解析：文章的主题是关于B选项。B选项内容能够合理地与“humanities。上一段提出大学人文学科正走向没落，所以下”42项答案即D或者E，但因为E在后一项给出，separate一词，与E选项中面就紧接着应该解释出现这种现象的原因，且有连接词Besides可知，42为D。此外，D选项中首句出现的this separation正好构成关联，故43.A
42题应选D选项。24
解析：A选项指出，没有哪门专业化学科像人文学科这样，需要倾注如此多的热情，之后提到获得人文学科的博士学位，需要9年的时间，这一信息可对应E选项中的the
acquisition of a doctoral，从结构和内容构成了合理的衔接，所以44.C
43题应选择A。解析：依据43题的选项A，说人文学科获得博士学位的时间长，所以高达一半的英语博士生在获得学位之前辍学就毫不奇怪了。需要倾注很大的热情，从剩下的选项中，首先排除F，因为F的“conclude可知”F项应为全文的总结。从C的“Equally unsurprisingly，only about
half end up with the jobs they entered graduate school to get: tenured professorships。”可知，C是紧接着A，所以44题选C。45.F
解析：由F选项内容可知，该段进行总结说明，往往也出现在文章末尾，应将放在文章末段，故F选项为45题的答案。F选项Part C Translation
?s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not
robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。【考查分析】本题考点：同位语从句，【答案解析】本句的主干是erroneous nature。破折号后面的share是定语从句，修饰定语从句Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its
that引导同位语从句，对前面的assumption解释说明。We all
assumption。【参考译文】我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。 we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,
in reality we are continually faced with a question:
that?”【考查分析】本题考点：状语从句【答案解析】本句结构特别清晰，主干是While we may be able to sustain
with a question…. ,we are faced
“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve
。while…引导让步状语从句，后面“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve
that?是”question 的具体内容。本句采用顺译法。【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉，临一个问题：我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情，实现那个目标呢？但事实上，我们却总是面25
seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation,
of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。【考查分析】本题考点：省略、介词短语、复杂表语【答案解析】本句的主体结构为：This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语，介词短语套介词短语，使得宾语非常复杂。“for
neglect of those in need修饰“”justification、“of exploration”、“of the superiority””“of the
inferiority修饰” rationalization。而“of those at the top和“of those at the bottom”又分别修饰”superiority和inferiority。【参考译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口，使剥削合理化，令上层人优越，底层人卑微。stances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have
been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。【考查分析】本题考点：并列从句，定语从句。【答案解析】本句主体结构是：circumstances seem to be designed to…., and if we feel thatthen we are unlikely to…环境好像是为 “…，而设计，如果我们感受到…，我们就不可能…”；“bring out是产生、” 使…显示出来；“wronged” 是“被冤枉，被委屈”的意思，“be (un)likely to
do”不 () 可能做某事；【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能，如果我们总感觉“上天不公”，那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。 upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where
before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
【考查分析】本题考点：主系表结构、分词短语的用法、连词where引导的状语从句。【答案解析】本句主体结构为The upside is the possibilities，译为“正面意义在于可能性”。Contained in knowing that everything is up to us，是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一个有连词where引导的状语从句。Where 在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation, to what
point)的意思。【参考译文】积极的一面是，既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。以前，我们能够熟练应对种种局限；现在，我们把握着未来的可能。Section III Writing
51.小作文小作文范文：26
…
Dear friend,
I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, Forest Gump, with you,
which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life。For one thing, the beautiful language in this original English movie may contribute to your
study of English in listening, speaking, reading and writing. For another thing, the profound
cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with foreign cultural background and, above
all, enrich your daily life。Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your
opinion about the movie. I am looking forward to your early replyYours,
Li Ming
审题谋篇11年应用文写作考查的是推荐信。推荐信是向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件。本次的推荐信是推荐给好友一部电影，包括：写信的对象并说明喜欢这部电影的原因。题目中给出的信息。(a friend)，写信的目的(recommend one of your favorite movies)，信的主体内容(reasons for your recommendation)。需要注意的是主体部分至少包括两方面的原因。文章从布局上可以分为三段展开。第一段，直接点明主题，开门见山地说出写信意图，可以笼统地向朋友推荐你喜欢的电影。第二段则要发挥想象力，从2~3个方面点出你之所以推荐这部电影的原因。在写第二段时，一定要打开思路，可写的素材多种多样，如笼统地说明该电影语言优美，有助于英语学习；同时电影中隐含的文化要素能够丰富我们的日常生活。第三段，再次推荐，并盼望回复。从语域角度讲，这是一篇给亲密朋友的推荐信，因此用词可较为随和，但语气要真挚，以达到和朋友沟通和交流的作用。作文的评分要点包括：1)题目所给的信息点的全面性；2)内容组织的条理性和语言的准确性；3)根据交际对象采用的话语方式，如正式、一般、非正式的话语等。这封信是写给朋友的，谈论的是推荐自己喜欢的电影，因此语气较非正式，随和且真挚；写格式要正确，如果影响交际，产生歧义或令人费解，分数将降低一个档次。写作技巧清晰的三段式层次，合情合理，语言要直接，态度真诚，语气随和。第一段，点明写信的目的是推荐电影。信函开头的可套用句型为：4)标点、拼写和书27
I am writing to you to recommend … for …… as ……I take great pleasure in recommending to you
I would like to present … for your consideration in
With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend … as…。第二段，简要概括推荐该电影的原因。On the one hand,…On the other hand,从两个角度提出………；第三段，再次建议，并盼望回复。可套用句型：I am convinced that you are willing to see this movie after my enthusiastic recommendationYour prompt attention on my recommendations will be highly appreciated52.大作文大作文范文：The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that some people in our life still lack the
awareness of environmental protection. The picture illustrates that two tourists are chatting and
eating happily on a boat and casually throwing their rubbish into the lake which is full of litter and
waste. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence。Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and
more people, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this
phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the
consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal
to throw rubbish everywhere. In addition, the environmental management system isn?t so
satisfying. For example, in some places there?re few regulations or the implementation is seldom
performed actually。From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures.
In the first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so
as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment. In the second, more rules should
be made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying environment.
People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings。审题谋篇。。28
本次大作文话题为大家一直计较关注的环保问题。年都曾经考过，所以对各位考生来讲并不陌生。环境话题在1991年、1999年以及2000而且2010年考查的“文化”与2002年考查的话题一致，因此，话题复现是很自然的。这同时也告诉未来考生复习往年话题的重要性。文章采取总分总结构。第一段描述图画，描述的内容一定要与主题相关。第一句可以总写图画，也可以先点明文章观点。接着，第二第二段揭示产生问题的原因。可以列举段提出解决问题的方案或者措施。写作技巧/三句具体描写图画内容。最后一句再次点题。2-3个理由。或者写此问题可能导致的结果。最后一The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows thatThe drawing sets us thinking too much due to
Many factors are accounting for ………29
发布评论