2024年2月26日发(作者：)
Working in the Console 控制台中的工作
Overview 概述
The RStudio console includes a variety of features intended to make working with R more productive and straightforward.
This article reviews these features. Learning to use these features along with the related features available in
the Source and History panes can have a substantial payoff in your overall productivity with R.
RStudio控制台包含许多使R工作更为有效和直观的特征。本文综述这些特征。学习使用这些特征以及Source和History窗口中可用的相关特征可以对你使用R的效率有实际性的帮助。
Code Completion 代码补全
RStudio supports the automatic completion of code using the Tab key. For example, if you have an object named
pollResults in your workspace you can type
poll and then Tab and RStudio will automatically complete the
full name of the object.
RStudio支持使用Tab键来自动补全代码。例如,如果你在工作空间中有名为pollResults的对象,你可输入poll然后按Tab键,RStudio将自动完成该对象的全名。
The code completion feature also provides inline help for functions whenever possible. For example, if you typed
sub then pressed Tab you would see:
代码补全特征同样提供了尽可能的嵌入式帮助。例如,如果你可输入sub然后按Tab键,你将看到：
Code completion also works for function arguments, so if you typed
subset( and then pressed Tab you'd see the
following:
代码补全还可以对参数功能进行工作,如果你可输入subset(然后按Tab键,你将看到：
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Retrieving Previous Commands 检索以前命令
As you work with R you'll often want to re-execute a command which you previously entered. As with the standard
R console, the RStudio console supports the ability to recall previous commands using the arrow keys:
当你使用R进行工作,你将经常可输入重新执行你之前输入的命令。与标准的R控制台一样,RStudio控制台支持使用以下方向键回忆之前命令的功能：
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Up — Recall previous command(s)
Down — Reverse of Up
Up —回忆前一条命令；
Down —回Up相反；
If you wish to review a list of your recent commands and then select a command from this list you can use Ctrl+Up
to review the list (note that on the Mac you can also use Command-Up):
如果你希望回忆你当前的命令列表并从中选择一条命令,则可使用Ctrl+Up来回忆命令列表（注意：在Mac你还可使用Command-Up）
You can also use this same keyboard shortcut to quickly search for commands that match a given prefix. For example,
to search for previous instances of the
plot function simply type
plot and then Ctrl+Up:
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你还可以使用同样的快捷键来快速查找匹配给定前缀的命令。例如,查找前面出现过的plot函数,先输入plot然后Ctrl+Up
Console Title Bar 控制台标题栏
This screenshot illustrates a few additional capabilities provided by the Console title bar:
这个截屏说明了控制台标题栏的一些额外功能。
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Display of the current working directory.
The ability to interrupt R during a long computation.
Minimizing and maximizing the Console in relation to the Source pane (using the buttons at the top-right
or by double-clicking the title bar).
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显示当前工作目录；
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能够在一个长期的计算里中断R；
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最小化和最大化Console和Source窗口（使用右上按钮或双击标题栏）
Keyboard Shortcuts 快捷键
Beyond the history and code-completion oriented keyboard shortcuts described above, there are a wide variety of
other shortcuts available. Some of the more useful shortcuts include:
除了上述的历史和代码补全快捷键外,还有很多其他快捷键可用,其中最为有用的快捷键包括
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Ctrl+1 — Move focus to the Source Editor
Ctrl+2 — Move focus to the Console
Ctrl+L — Clear the Console
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Esc — Interrupt R
Ctrl+1 —移动焦点到Source编辑器。
Ctrl+2 —移动焦点到Console。
Ctrl+L —清理控制台；
Esc —中断R
You can find a list of all shortcuts in the Keyboard Shortcuts article.
你可从Keyboard Shortcuts文中找到所有快捷键列表。
Related Topics 相关主题
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Editing and Executing Code
编辑和执行代码
Using Command History
使用命令历史
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Editing and Executing Code 编辑执行代码
Overview 概述
RStudio's source editor includes a variety of productivity enhancing features including syntax highlighting, code
completion, multiple-file editing, and find/replace.
RStudio的souce编辑器包含各种提高效率的特征,包括语法高亮显示,代码自动补全,多文件编辑以及查找和替换。
RStudio also enables you to flexibly execute R code directly from the source editor. For many R developers this
represents their preferred way of working with R. By executing commands from within the source editor rather than
the console it is much easier to reproduce sequences of commands as well as package them for re-use as a function.
These features are described in the Executing Code section below.
RStudio还可以使你直接通过source编辑器灵活地执行R代码。对于许多R开发者来说,这是他们使用R的首选方式。通过source编辑器执行命令相对于控制台来说更便于复制命令序列和将其做为再次使用的函数进行打包；这些特征将在后面的执行代码局部讲解。
Managing Files 文件管理
RStudio supports syntax highlighting and other specialized code-editing features for the following types of files:
Rstudio支持语法高亮显示和其他专业化的代码编辑功能,针对以下类型文件。
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R scripts
R脚本文件
文件 Sweave documents
SweaveTeX documents
Tex文件
To create a new file you use the File -> New menu:
你可通过File -> New菜单创立新文件。（你也可使用Ctrl+Shift+N快捷键）。
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To open an existing file you use either the File -> Open menu or the Open Recent menu to select from recently opened
files.
你可通过File -> Open菜单或者Open Recent菜单项选择择来翻开已有文件。（你也可使用Ctrl+O快捷键）。
If you open several files within RStudio they are all available as tabs to facilitate quick switching between open
documents. If you have a large number of open documents you can also navigate between them using the >> icon on
the tab bar or the View -> Switch to Tab) menu item:
如果你通过RStudio翻开许多文件,那么他们都可以通过标签进行快速切换。如果你有大量的翻开文件,你也可在它们间通过标签栏中的>>图标来进行导航,或者View -> Switch to Tab菜单项（你也可使用Ctrl+O快捷键）。
Code Completion 代码补全
RStudio supports the automatic completion of code using the Tab key. For example, if you have an object named
pollResults in your workspace you can type
poll and then Tab and RStudio will automatically complete the
full name of the object.
RStudio可以使用Tab键来支持代码自动补全,例如,如果你在工作空间中有名为pollResults的对象,你可输入poll然后按Tab键,RStudio将自动完成该对象的全名。
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Code completion also works in the console, and more details on using it can be found the console Code Completion
documentation.
代码补全同样在控制台中工作,具体用法可间控制台代码自动完成Code Completion文档。
Find and Replace 查找和替换
RStudio supports finding and replacing text within source documents:
Rstudio支持在source文件中查找和替换。
Find and replace can be opened using the Ctrl+F shortcut key, or from the Edit -> Find and Replace menu item.
可使用Ctrl+F快捷键来翻开查找和替换栏,或者使用Edit -> Find and Replace菜单项。
Extract Function 提取函数
RStudio can analyze a selection of code from within the source editor and automatically convert it into a re-usable
function. Any "free" variables within the selection (objects that are referenced but not created within the selection)
are converted into function arguments:
RStudio可以在source编辑器中分析一组选择的代码,并自动将其转化成再次使用的函数。任何选择中的"free"变量（选择引用对象但不创立）将转化为函数参数。（你也可使用Ctrl+Shift+U快捷键）。
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