2024年4月4日发(作者：)

基于单片机的鱼用投饵机自动控制系统的设计

摘 要

单片机又被称为单片微控控制器，单片机（Microcontrolles）其实是一种

集成电路芯片，它可以算一个小而完善的微型计算机系统，它把CPU、RAM、ROM、

多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计数器等功能集成到一块硅片上，单片机在工

业控制领域广泛应用。它相当于一个微型计算机，与计算机相比它只是缺少一个

I/O口而已，单片机具有以下几个方面的优点：（1）系统结构简单，使用方便，

实现模块化；（2）它的可靠性高，即使工作到10^6~10^7小时也不会产生故障；

（3）处理功能强，速度快；（4）电压低，功率低，便于生产便携式产品（5）控

制功能强；（6）环境适应能力强。单片机在以下几个方面被广泛运用：如智能仪

表、实时工控，通讯设备，导航系统，家用电器等。各种产品一旦用上了单片机，

就能使产品产生质的飞跃，一般的投饵机控制系统存在着定时不准确、可靠性差、

投饵与间歇时间设置不合理、不能合理调节投饵距离、浪费饲料等问题。为了解

决此类问题，本论文研究了基于单片机的鱼用投饵机自动控制系统，该系统设定

参数为供饵时间、停饵时间、投饵时间和投饵距离，控制对象为输送减速交流电

机和投饵直流电机；同时，从硬件和软件方面介绍了本自动控制系统的设计和制

作。实验结果表明，该系统能够控制鱼用投饵机进行定时、定量投饵，以此做到

科学喂鱼。

关键词：

单片机 鱼饵 投食机

The Automatic Control System Design of Fish Bait Casting

Machine Based on Single Chip Miscrocomputer

Abstract

Microcontroller is also known as single-chip microcomputer. Actually,

microcontroller is a kind of integrated circuit chip. It can be considered as a small and

impeccable microcomputer system, integrating CPU, RAM, ROM, multiple I/O ports,

the interrupt system, the timer/ counter and so on into a piece of silicon. The

single-chip microcomputer is widely used in industrial control field. It is equivalent to

a microcomputer. Compared with the computer, it just lacks of an I/O pot. The

advantages of the single-chip microcomputer has the following several aspects: （1）

The system structure is simple, easy to use, and implement modularity （2） Its high

reliability can ensure that it will not breakdown even works 10^6 to 10^7 hours （3）

Powerful processing capabilities and fast speed （4） Low voltage and power, to

facilitate the production of portable products （5） Powerful control function （6）

Powerful environment adaptability. SCM is widely used in the following fields: for

instance, intelligent instruments, real-time industrial controls, communications

equipment, navigation systems, household appliances and so on. Once all kinds of

products use the single-chip microcomputer, they will produce qualitative leap.

General bait casting machine control system exists some problems. Such as timing

inaccurate, inferior reliability, the unreasonable time between bait casting and interval,

the feeding distance irregularly, waste of feed and so on. For solving those problems,

the essay discusses the automatic fish bait casting machine control system based on

single chip microcomputer. The system default parameters are bait time, stop bait time,

bait casting time, as well as bait casting distance. The controlled objects are

conveyance deceleration AC motor and bait casting DC motor. At the same time, this

essay will introduce the automatic control system design and production from the

aspects of the hardware and software. The experimental results show that this system

can control the fish bait casting machine for timing, quantitative bait casting, in order

to achieve the aim of scientific feeding fish.

Keywords:microcontroller bait feeder