2024年4月6日发(作者:)

One Ones That Those在比较结构中的用法区别

在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它

的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one,

ones,that和those。

I.替代词one和ones的用法:

1.one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数

名词。例如:

My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting one.

2.替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替

代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或ones

在用法上的一个重要特征。例如:

I don't like this book.I'd like a more interesting one.

3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠

词。例如:

Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.

4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定

词如this,that,which和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:

This book is much better than that(one).

5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。

如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one

或ones也不能用在own之后。

但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格

连用。如:

My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one.

6.one作替代词时,在of前面不能用the one来表示所属关系和

类似概念。如不可说:

*He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry.

该用一个所有格来表示He picked up Henry's.

7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词one。仅

在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:

Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.

8.替代词one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限

定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替

代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:

A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one=a

cake)

one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠

词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例

如:

Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?

II.替代词that和those的用法:

1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是

伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和the ones。例如:

The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.

2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是the one则不能。例如:

The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.

以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。

3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可

指物,也可指人。例如:

The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.

该句中的the one不能换成that。

4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不

一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the+单数名词”,不可替代“a

+单数名词”。例如:

The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=

the song。song为可数名词。)

请注意,这里说的that只替代“the+单数名词”,不可替代“a+单

数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中

所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the+单数名词。例如:

In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.

在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。

that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定

语从句)之前。例如:

The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which

the nation confronted in the 1930s.