°ç»„ä¿�留的标签 余下为需è¦�删除的标签
                unset($oldtag[$key]);
            }
        }
    }
    

    if (!empty($oldtag)) {
        $tagids = array();
        foreach ($oldtag as $tagid => $tagname) {
            $tagids[] = $tagid;
        }

        well_oldtag_delete($tagids, $tid);
    }

    $r = well_tag_process($tid, $fid, $create_tag, $tagarr);

    

    return $r;
}

// 删除标签和绑定的主题
function well_oldtag_delete($tagids, $tid)
{
    

    $pagesize = count($tagids);
    $arrlist = well_tag_find_by_tagids($tagids, 1, $pagesize);

    

    $delete_tagids = array(); // 删除
    $tagids = array();
    $n = 0;
    foreach ($arrlist as $val) {
        ++$n;
        
        if (1 == $val['count']) {
            // �有一个主题
            $delete_tagids[] = $val['tagid'];
            
        } else {
            $tagids[] = $val['tagid'];
        }
        
    }

    

    !empty($delete_tagids) and well_tag_delete($delete_tagids);

    $arlist = well_tag_thread_find_by_tid($tid, 1, $n);
    if ($arlist) {
        $ids = array();
        foreach ($arlist as $val) $ids[] = $val['id'];

        well_tag_thread_delete($ids);
    }

    !empty($tagids) and well_tag_update($tagids, array('count-' => 1));

    
}

// 标签数�处� $arr=新�交的数组 $tagarr=�留的旧标签
function well_tag_process($tid, $fid, $new_tags = array(), $tagarr = array())
{
    if (empty($tid)) return '';

    

    // 新标签处�入库
    if ($new_tags) {

        

        $threadarr = array();
        $tagids = array();
        $i = 0;
        $size = 5;
        $n = count($tagarr);
        $n = $n > $size ? $size : $size - $n;

        

        foreach ($new_tags as $name) {
            ++$i;
            $name = trim($name);
            $name = stripslashes($name);
            $name = strip_tags($name);
            $name = str_replace(array('&nbsp;', '#', "@", "$", "%", "^", '&', '·', '<', '>', '；', '`', '~', '!', '￥', '……', ';', '?', '？', '-', '—', '_', '=', '+', '.', '{', '}', '|', ':', '：', '�', '/', '。', '[', ']', '�', '】', '‘', '	', '    ', '  ', '   ', '    '), '', $name);
            $name = htmlspecialchars($name, ENT_QUOTES);
            if ($name && $i <= $n) {
                
                // 查询标签
                $read = well_tag_read_name($name);
                
                if ($read) {
                    // 存在 count+1
                    $tagids[] = $read['tagid'];
                    
                } else {
                    // 入库
                    $arr = array('name' => $name, 'count' => 1);
                    
                    $tagid = well_tag_create($arr);
                    FALSE === $tagid and message(-1, lang('create_failed'));
                    $read = array('tagid' => $tagid, 'name' => $name);
                    
                }

                $tag_thread = array('tagid' => $read['tagid'], 'tid' => $tid);

                

                $threadarr[] = $tag_thread;

                

                $tagarr[$read['tagid']] = $read['name'];
            }
        }

        

        !empty($threadarr) and tag_thread_big_insert($threadarr);

        !empty($tagids) and well_tag_update($tagids, array('count+' => 1));
    }

    

    $json = empty($tagarr) ? '' : xn_json_encode($tagarr);

    

    return $json;
}




?>    
    $cache[$key] = empty($arr) ? NULL : $arr;
    
    return $cache[$key];
}

// 门户 获�需�在频�显示的�目主题数�
function portal_channel_thread($fid)
{
    global $forumlist;
    if (empty($fid)) return NULL;

    

    $orderby = array('tid' => 1);
    $page = 1;

    

    // �历所有在频�显示内容的�目
    $category_forumlist = channel_category($fid);

    $arrlist = array();
    $forum_tids = array();
    $tidlist = array();

    

    if ($category_forumlist) {
        foreach ($category_forumlist as &$_forum) {

            

            // 频�显示数�
            $arrlist['list'][$_forum['fid']] = array(
                'fid' => $_forum['fid'],
                'name' => $_forum['name'],
                'rank' => $_forum['rank'],
                'type' => $_forum['type'],
                'url' => $_forum['url'],
                'channel_new' => $_forum['channel_new'],
                
            );

            

            $forum_thread = thread_tid__find(array('fid' => $_forum['fid']), $orderby, $page, $_forum['channel_new'], 'tid', array('tid'));
            // 最新信�按�目分组
            foreach ($forum_thread as $key => $_thread) {
                $forum_tids[$key] = $_thread;
            }

            

            unset($forum_thread);
        }
        $tidlist += $forum_tids;
    }

    

    unset($category_forumlist);

    

    // 获�属性对应的tid集�
    list($flaglist, $flagtids) = flag_thread_by_fid($fid);
    empty($flagtids) || $tidlist += $flagtids;

    

    unset($flagtids);

    

    // 频�置顶
    $stickylist = sticky_list_thread($fid);
    empty($stickylist) || $tidlist += $stickylist;

    

    // 在这之��并所有二维数组 tid值为键/array('tid值' => tid值)
    $tidarr = arrlist_values($tidlist, 'tid');

    // 在这之�使用$tidarr = array_merge($tidarr, $arr)��并所有一维数组 tid/array(1,2,3)
    

    if (empty($tidarr)) {
        $arrlist['list'] = isset($arrlist['list']) ? array_multisort_key($arrlist['list'], 'rank', FALSE, 'fid') : array();
        return $arrlist;
    }

    $tidarr = array_unique($tidarr);

    

    $pagesize = count($tidarr);

    

    // �历获�的所有tid主题
    $threadlist = well_thread_find_asc($tidarr, $pagesize);

    

    // �历时为��，翻转为��
    $threadlist = array_reverse($threadlist);

    

    foreach ($threadlist as &$_thread) {

        

        // ��目最新内容
        isset($forum_tids[$_thread['tid']]) AND $arrlist['list'][$_thread['fid']]['news'][$_thread['tid']] = $_thread;

        // 全站置顶内容
        isset($stickylist[$_thread['tid']]) AND $arrlist['sticky'][$_thread['tid']] = $_thread;

        // 首页属性主题
        if (!empty($flaglist)) {
            foreach ($flaglist as $key => $val) {

                if (isset($val['tids']) && in_array($_thread['tid'], $val['tids'])) {

                    $arrlist['flaglist'][$key][array_search($_thread['tid'], $val['tids'])] = $_thread;
                    ksort($arrlist['flaglist'][$key]);

                    $arrlist['flag'][$_thread['tid']] = $_thread;
                }
            }
        }

        
    }

    unset($threadlist);

    if (isset($arrlist['sticky'])) {
        $i = 0;
        foreach ($arrlist['sticky'] as &$val) {
            ++$i;
            $val['i'] = $i;
        }
    }

    if (isset($arrlist['flag'])) {
        $i = 0;
        foreach ($arrlist['flag'] as &$val) {
            ++$i;
            $val['i'] = $i;
        }
    }

    if (isset($arrlist['flaglist'])) {
        foreach ($arrlist['flaglist'] as &$val) {
            $i = 0;
            foreach ($val as &$v) {
                ++$i;
                $v['i'] = $i;
            }
        }
    }

    

    isset($arrlist['list']) AND $arrlist['list'] = array_multisort_key($arrlist['list'], 'rank', FALSE, 'fid');

    

    return $arrlist;
}




?>   $v = implode(",", $v);
        $temp[] = $v;
    }
    // 去掉��的字符串,也就是��的一维数组
    $temp = array_unique($temp);
    // �将拆开的数组�新组装
    $output = array();
    foreach ($temp as $k => $v) {
        if ($stkeep) $k = $starr[$k];
        if ($ndformat) {
            $temparr = explode(",", $v);
            foreach ($temparr as $ndkey => $ndval) $output[$k][$ndarr[$ndkey]] = $ndval;
        } else $output[$k] = explode(",", $v);
    }
    return $output;
}

// �并二维数组 如�� 值以第一个数组值为准
function array2_merge($array1, $array2, $key = '')
{
    if (empty($array1) || empty($array2)) return NULL;
    $arr = array();
    foreach ($array1 as $k => $v) {
        isset($v[$key]) ? $arr[$v[$key]] = array_merge($v, $array2[$k]) : $arr[] = array_merge($v, $array2[$k]);
    }
    return $arr;
}

/*
 * 对二维数组排� 两个数组必须有一个相�的键值
 * $array1 需�排�数组
 * $array2 按照该数组key排�
 * */
function array2_sort_key($array1, $array2, $key = '')
{
    if (empty($array1) || empty($array2)) return NULL;
    $arr = array();
    foreach ($array2 as $k => $v) {
        if (isset($v[$key]) && $v[$key] == $array1[$v[$key]][$key]) {
            $arr[$v[$key]] = $array1[$v[$key]];
        } else {
            $arr[] = $v;
        }
    }

    return $arr;
}




?><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-cn"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1" /><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /><meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"><meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"><meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="renderer" content="webkit" /><meta name="keywords" content="感染,使用,��" /><meta name="description" content="抗生素��使用7(�验选择)" /><title>抗生素��使用7(�验选择)编程频�|�州电脑网
</title><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/view/img/favicon.ico" /><link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="/view/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="Bookmark" href="/view/img/favicon.ico" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/view/template/mitiqin/css/style.css?2.3.0"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/view/template/mitiqin/css/iconfont.css?2.3.0"><script src="/view/template/mitiqin/js/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?2.3.0" type="text/javascript"></script></head><body><div id="header"><div class="header container"><div class="logo"><a href="/"  title="�州电脑网_�州电脑维修_�州电脑之家_�州iThome"><img src="/view/template/mitiqin/img/logo.png" alt="�州电脑网_�州电脑维修_�州电脑之家_�州iThome"></a></div><div id="monavber" class="nav" data-type="index" data-infoid><ul id="nav" class="navbar"><li class="navbar-item" data-active="fid-0"><a href="/">首页</a></li><li class="navbar-item" fid="5" data-active="fid-5"><a href="/biancheng">编程之家</a></li><li class="navbar-item" fid="4" data-active="fid-4"><a href="/xitong">系统教程</a></li><li class="navbar-item" fid="12" data-active="fid-12"><a href="/shuma">数�周边</a></li><li class="navbar-item" fid="13" data-active="fid-13"><a href="/pc">电脑</a></li></ul></div><div id="mnav"><i class="iconfont icon-app"></i></div><div id="search"><i class="iconfont icon-search"></i></div><div class="search"><form id="form-search" action="/operate/search.html"><input type="text" name="keyword" placeholder="关键�" value=""/><button type="submit" value="�索"><i class="iconfont icon-search"></i></button><input type="hidden" name="range" value="1"></form></div></div></div>
<div class="fzithome-com breadcrumb2 container-w"><div id="b" class="cl"><div class="fzithome-com fl"><i class="iconfont icon-home"></i><a href="/">首页</a>&nbsp;>&nbsp;
<a href="/xitong">系统教程</a><a href="/xitong/1712522841a433994.html" title="首页">抗生素��使用7(�验选择)</a></div></div></div><div class="fzithome-com main container-w cl"><div class="fzithome-com mainl"><div class="fzithome-com art-post"><div class="fzithome-com title"><h1>抗生素��使用7(�验选择)</h1><div class="fzithome-com info"><span><a href="/xitong"><i class="iconfont icon-crossborder-fill"></i>系统教程</a></span><span><i class="iconfont icon-browse"></i>100</span><span><i class="iconfont icon-message-fill"></i>0</span><span>
                        更新时间：2026-04-06 20:50:10</span></div></div><div class="fzithome-com art-content"><article class="single-post"><div class="fzithome-com entry"><p>2024年4月8日�(作者：)</p><p><h2></h2></p><p></img></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">抗生素��使用—�验选择 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">1 呼�系统感染时抗生素的选用 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">1.1 上呼��感染 上呼��感染是一个统称,包括普通感冒�急</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">性鼻窦炎��桃体咽炎�喉炎�咽炎.其病原体90 %以上为病毒,常�</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">的有鼻病毒�腺病毒��感病毒�副�感病毒等。细��� 10 %左</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�。此类病人临床上多数表现为血象�高,病程较短(通常为1周) 。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">治疗以休��多饮水�对症为主,�必使用抗生素。如果症状�续7～</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">10 天没有改善,并出现�热�白细胞�高,或�生化脓性或�化脓性并</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�症(风湿病�肾��肾炎)时�使用抗生素。抗生素首选�霉素�(�</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">霉素 G�阿莫西林) ,也�选用一�二代头孢�大环内酯类�物。一般</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">抗生素的疗程为 5～7 天,伴有风湿病�肾��肾炎者 10～14 天。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">若有严�化脓性并�症者抗生素疗程�视病情延长。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">1.2 下呼��感染 是最常�的感染性疾病。包括急慢性支气管</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">炎�肺部感染等。其病原体有细�(常�的有�兰�阳性��,如肺炎</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">链���金黄色葡���;�兰�阴性��,如肺炎克雷伯����感</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">嗜血���绿脓���大肠����形��;厌氧��,如棒状���</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">梭形��等) �病毒�真��原虫�支原体�衣原体等。�人细�感</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">染率为 80 %,儿童为 70 %。在�疫抑制状���年�大�使用激素�</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">抗生素等情况下真�性感染的比例明显�高。目�医学界公认院外获</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">得性下呼��感染以�兰�阳性��为主(主�为肺炎��) ,其次为</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�兰�阴性��(最常�的为肺炎克雷伯��) 。院内获得性感染约 </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">60 %为�兰�阴性��,其中最多的是绿脓��。院外下呼��感染</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">以往治疗以�霉素为首选,但近年�细�的��性有了较大的�化。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">如肺炎��对苯唑西林�氨苄西林��率达 50 %,对红霉素�克林霉</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">素��率达 50 %～70 %。金黄色葡����表皮葡���对�霉素</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">的��率达 97 %以上,对红霉素�克林霉素��率达 70 %左�,对</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">万�霉素��的葡��国外亦有报�。但对�方新诺明和喹诺酮类�</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�率低,特别是新一代喹诺酮类�物。故�方新诺明和喹诺酮类�用</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">常常�以获得�想的疗效。院内下呼��感染治疗首选氨苄�霉素�</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">羟氨苄�霉素或二代头孢�素。�并厌氧�感染时�加用甲�唑或克</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">林霉素。根�血�浓度与效应关系,抗�作用��血�浓度的增加而</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�高,分次给��使总有效时间增加。β- 内酰胺类抗生素主张分次给</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�。对于轻�中度感染���给�,对于严�下呼��感染或�并其</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">他疾病的患者主张�脉给�,并���使用抗生素,一般二���达满</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">�效果。  </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">下�简述几�呼�系统常用抗生素的作用�机制:  </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">1.2.1 喹诺酮类抗生素 是近年�治疗下呼��感染的���物。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">其具有组织浓度高�最低抑�浓度低等特点。该�在支气管�膜中的</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">浓度比血液中高 2 �,在肺泡上皮中比血液中高 2～3 �,在肺泡巨</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">噬细胞中比血液中高9～15�。  </p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">1.2.2 β- 内酰胺类抗生素 在治疗呼��感染中应用最为广泛。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;font-size:18px;">主�包括�霉素��头孢�素���典型β- 内酰胺类抗生素。β- 内</p><p><p><h2></h2></p></img></p></div></article></div><div class="fzithome-com info"><div><span>本文�布于:2024-04-08，感谢您对本站的认��</span></div><div><span>本文链接:</span><a href="https://www.fzithome.com/xitong/1712522841a433994.html" title="抗生素��使用7(�验选择)">https://www.fzithome.com/xitong/1712522841a433994.html</a></div><div><span>版�声明:本站内容��自互�网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他�法用途。如果侵犯了您的�益请与我们�系，我们将在24�时内删除。</span></div></div><span class="tag"><i class="iconfont icon-discount" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;opacity:.7;">本文标签：</i><a href="/tag/710.html" target="_blank">感染</a><a href="/tag/146.html" target="_blank">使用</a><a href="/tag/6662.html" target="_blank">��</a></span></div><div class="fzithome-com post_comments" id="comments"><div id="comt-respond" class="commentpost"><h4>�布评论
<span><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-reply" href="#comment" style="display:none;"><small>�消回�</small></a></span></h4><form action="/comment/create/433994.html?safe_token=eLQIWlEMvzMV6rwHnVDv3Xm9WhaxDFXrake59A0e8Xwwy_2BPepfLuF6YUYvMpksp_2BWhSO4gysBiedMNmKIfOwwg_3D_3D" method="post" name="saypl" id="frmSumbit"><input type="hidden" name="doctype" value="1" /><input type="hidden" name="quotepid" value="0" /><div id="comment-tools"><div class="fzithome-com tools_text"><textarea placeholder="请在这里留言..." name="message" id="txaArticle" class="text input-block-level comt-area" cols="50" rows="4" tabindex="5"></textarea></div></div><div class="fzithome-com psumbit"><input name="sumbit" type="submit" tabindex="6" value="�布" class="button" /></div></form></div><div class="fzithome-com commentlist"><div class="fzithome-com comment-tab"><div class="fzithome-com come-comt">评论列表<span id="comment_count">（有<span id="infocommentnumarea" style="color:#c81111">0</span>�评论）</span></div></div><ul class="diy-comment"></ul></div></div></div><div class="fzithome-com mainr">