2024年4月11日发(作者：)

10. A. He’s not feeling well. B. He can’t see very well.

C. His eye doesn’t hurt ve ry much.

D. His eye isn’t healing ve ry quickly.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three

questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the

questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide

which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. A biologist. B. A zoo keeper. C. A psychologist. D. An animal scientist.

12. A. They are more attached to human beings. B. They need more research projects.

C. They usually attract more visitors.

D. They are endangered animals.

13. A. Show them how to feed the animals. B. Write reports about animals’ habits.

C. Provide explanation about each animal.

D. Assist with medical procedures.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. What British people prefer in daily language use.

B. How Americans have developed their own language.

C. The reasons why British English differs from American English.

D. Some differences between American English and British English.

15. A. Tutorial. B. Get tutoring. C. E-learning. D. College life.

16. A. It involves a lot of discussion. B. There are several hundred listeners.

C. Several teachers are talking one by one.

D. Related materials are handed out beforehand. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. Whether some health tips are true.

B. What doctors do to keep themselves fit.

C. Why some rumours spread more widely than others.

D. How people avoid the damage caused by unhealthy lifestyles.

18. A. Skimmed milk. B. Shellfish. C. Soy sauce. D. Chocolate.

19. A. It is a natural sitting position. B. It does less harm than leaning back slightly.

C. It may cause lower-back pain.

D. It proves beneficial for office workers.

20. A. To improve citizens’ eyesight. B. To promote the advantages of carrots.

C. To conceal the truth.

D. To detect enemy bombers.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For

the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that

best fits each blank.

V accinations (接种疫苗)

For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native

population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth

century, smallpox was responsible for the deaths of about one (21) __________ ten people around the world. Those (22)

__________ survived the disease were left with

ugly scars (症) on their skin.

It had long been well known among farmers that people (23) __________ (work) with cows rarely caught smallpox; instead,

they often caught (24) __________ was a similar but much milder disease, called cowpox. A British doctor named Edward

Jenner was fascinated by this, and so he studied cowpox. He became (25) __________ (convince) that, by injecting people

with cowpox, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox

and, two months

later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way,

and (26) __________ of them got the disease.

News of Jenner’s success soon spread. In 1800, the Royal V accine Institution was founded in Berlin, Germany. In the

following year, Napoleon opened a similar institute in Paris, France. V accination soon became a common method (27)

__________ (protect) people against other diseases, such as rabies, and vaccines (28) __________ (send) across the world

to the United States and India.

It was nearly two centuries (29) __________ Jenner’s dream of ridding the w orld of smallpox was achieved. In 1967, the

World Health Organization (WHO) started an ambitious vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was

recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill

more and more people every year. In addition, many new diseases are being discovered. Therefore, the challenge for

medical researchers (30) __________ (continue) for several more centuries.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used

Bring Up Children

For some organizations, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already the public face of the business. It helps to handle everything from

initial interactions through chat, voice, and email to ___31___ vital customer service roles. But any business looking to invest

in AI’s potential must acknowledge the full scope of its impact. Just as parents hope to raise children who act responsibly and

communicate ___32___, businesses need to “raise” the ir AI systems to act as responsible representatives of the business.

AI was ___33___ driven by rules-based data analyzing programs and early “expert systems.” But the ___34___ of powerful

deep neural (神经的) networks now gives AI systems something a program doesn’t have: the ability to do the ___35___.

For businesses, this means changing how they view AI —from systems that are ___36___ to

systems that learn. After all, education isn’t about teaching someone to do one task. Instead, it’s giving someone the tools to

approach and solve problems themselves. This is the approach businesses must take with AI. “Raising” AI

requires___37___ many of the same challenges we encounter raising and educating children. This includes things like

developing a(n) ___38___ of right and wrong, teaching knowledge, and building self-reliance while emphasizing the

importance of cooperating and communicating with others.

To meet this new responsibility, companies can look to human development for ___39___. First, people learn how to learn,

then they explain their thoughts and actions, and ___40___ they accept responsibility for their decisions. With a successfully

trained and raised AI, a company essentially creates a new worker — one that can be scaled across operations.

III. Reading Comprehension

54. A. great B. actual C. small D. probable

55. A. descriptive B. plain C. vague D. native

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For

each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in

the passage you have just read.

(A)

At an early age, Charlie James fell in love with the kingfisher: a beautiful blue-green bird that lives near streams and rivers,

feeding on fish. A sure sign of his depth of feeling for this little bird is his

inability to identify just what it is that draws him to it. After all, it is the stuff of legend. Greek myth (神話)

makes the kingfisher a moon goddess who turned into a bird. Another tale tells how the kingfisher flew so high that its upper

body took on the blue of the sky, while its underparts were burned by the sun.

There is some scientific truth in that story. Despite the many different blues that appear in their coats, kingfishers have no

blue at all in their feathers. Rather, the structure of their upper feathers strongly reflects blue.

This is why a kingfisher may appear to change from bright blue to rich green with only a slight change in the angel at which

lig ht falls on it. It’s small wonder that some wildlife photographers get so enthusiastic about them. Couple the colours with

the fact that kingfishers, though shy of direct human approach, can be easy to watch from a hideout, and you have a recipe

for a lifelong passion.

Charlie James’s first hideout was an old blanket which he put over his head while he waited near a kingfisher’s favourite

spot. The bird came back within minutes and sat only a metre away. But it took another four years, he admits, before he got

his first excellent picture. In the meantime, the European kingfisher had begun to dominate his life. He spent all the time he

could by a kingfisher-rich woodland stream.

At 16, he was hired as an advisor for a nature magazine. Work as an assistant to the editor followed, then a gradual move to

life as a wildlife film cameraman. He’s spent more than half his life getting close to those colours of the bird, which still

excites interest. ‘No speech, just beautiful images which say it all,’

he says. But, as Charlie knows, there‘’s so much more to his relationship with the kingfisher than his

work can ever show.

56. What can be learned from the passage about the kingfisher?

A. It likes living near water.

B. It got its name from a moon goddess.

C. Its upper feathers have a strong structure.

D. Its upper body is covered with blue feathers.

57. A kingfisher changes colour with a change in _______.

A. what they eat

B. how light falls on it

C. how far it is from people

D. what they get from humans

58. By “there’s so much more to his relationship with the kingfisher than his work can ever show”

the writer means that _______.

A. Charlie James needs to work much harder

B. Charlie James’s experience has led to his success

C. Charlie James’s feel ing for the bird is beyond description

D. Charlie James should change his relationship with the bird

59. The passage talks mainly about _______.

A. a bird’s evolution

B. a boy’s love for birds

C. an endangered bird

D. a bird photographer

(B)

Evolution helps us understand the history of life. But while it is widely accepted, it is not well understood.

Evolution is a theory about the origin of life.

Correction: Evolutionary theory does include ideas and evidence regarding life’s origins, but this is not the central focus of it.

Most of evolutionary biology deals with how life changed after its origin. Regardless of how life started, at some point it

started to change, and most studies of evolution are focused on those processes.

Evolution is just a theory.

Correction: Scientifically speaking, a theory is a well substantiated idea that explains aspects of the natural world.

Unfortunately, other definitions of the word (such as a “guess”) cause a great deal of confusion in the non-scientific world

when dealing with the sciences. They are, in fact, two very different concepts.

Natural selection involves organisms (有機體) trying to adapt.

Correction: Natural selection leads to the adaptation of species over time, but the process does not involve effort, trying, or

wanting. Natural selection naturally results from genetic variation in a population and the fact that some of those variants may

be able to leave more offspring in the next

generation than other variants. That genetic variation is caused by random mutation (变异) —a process

that is unaffected by what organisms in the population want or what they are “trying’’ to do.

Natural selection is about survival of the very fittest individuals in a population.

Correction: Though “survival of the fittest” is the catchphrase of natural selection, “survival of the fit enough” is more accurate.

In most populations, organisms with many different genetic variations survive, reproduce and leave offspring carrying their

genes. It is not simply the one or two “best” individuals in the population that pass their genes on to the next generation.

60. The passage is intended to _______.

A. introduce the theory of evolution from different angles

B. stress the importance of evolution in the history of life

C. explain why people don’t understand evolution well

D. clarify people’s misunderstanding of evolution

61. Which of the following statements is true of evolution?

A. It focuses on how certain forms of life started.

B. It deals mainly with how life forms changed.

C. It is more a guess than a proved idea.

D. It needs more scientific evidence.

62. It can be learned from the passage that natural selection _______.

A. is affected by what some organism population wants

B. enables the individuals that are adequately fit to survive

C. involves organisms9 choosing a proper way to reproduce

D. refers to the process of passing genes to the next generation

(C)

Americans today have a complicated relationship with food, to put it kindly. Sure, processed meals and increasing rates of

diabetes (糖尿病) still dominate headlines. But in a climate that now includes

many magazines promoting healthy lifestyle, and a “superfoods” industry set to hit $130 billion in 2015, we, re also a culture

fascinated with achieving the peak of well-being.

As a growing number of people dramatically retool their diets in the pursuit of health, some are cutting out half the categories

on the food pyramid altogether. The result is a new kind of eating disorder doctors are calling orthorexia. A recent case study

defines it as “a craze for biologically pure and healthy nutrition.” Co-author Thomas Dunn, a psychologist at the University of

Northern Colorado, explains that just as anorexia is driven by a fear of being fat, orthorexia is driven by a fear of being

unhealthy. The former fixates on quantity, the latter on quality.

Such diets can lack essential nutrients, and they make the vitamins and minerals a person does get from meals of

exclusively, say, leafy greens, impossible for the body to absorb. This can lead to physical problems like fragile bones,

hormonal shifts, and cardiac problems, along with psychological disorders like distress and entrenched, delusional thinking.

In other words, the opposite of the intended effect.

Because orthorexia was first identifi ed less than 20 years ago, there’s no real estimate of how many people have the

disease. “Our culture is promoting health now, which is great,” says Sondra Kronberg, a spokesperson for the National

Eating Disorder Association. “But certain groups of people take healthy eating to an extreme.” They feel anxious over

sourcing and cooking methods, isolate themselves from social situations, and develop magical thinking about what certain

foods can do.

Worse, many people now self-diagnose conditions like non-celiac gluten intolerance, ripping through every online FAQ they

can find. Peter Green, director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, encounters these people routinely. “We

see patients who don’t know what to eat anymore because they identify f ood as the source of all their issues,” he says.

Prescriptive books, blogs, and social media expose those informed but sensitive people to behaviors that may hurt them,

says Jennifer Gaudiani, associate director of the ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders in Denver. And patients’ black-and-

white thinking makes treatment tricky. “People need to relearn how to view food,” Dunn says.

For the vast majority, eating is, unsurprisingly, all about balance. “Sometimes you’re at a party and there are fries,’’ says

Kronberg. “Y our body really can handle that one meal.”

63. What can be learned from the first paragraph?

A. “Superfoods” industries having been declining since 2015.

B. Americans don’t care for magazines dealing with health.

C. Americans’ attitude towards food is hard to explain.

D. Diabetes is not as common today as it used to be.

64. What can be learned about people suffering from orthorexia?

A. They wish for a slim figure.

B. They worry about eating too much.

C. They cannot retool their diets again.

D. They cannot achieve the result they want.

65. The writer is most likely to agree that _______.

A. self-diagnosis after reading online FAQ is to blame for most of the physical disorders

B. having some unhealthy food occasionally won’t have a negative eff ect on your health