2024年4月15日发(作者：)

毕业设计翻译文献

互联网的历史（1969－2009）

1969: Arpanet

Arpanet was the first real network to run on packet switching technology

(new at the time). On the October 29, 1969, computers at Stanford and UCLA

connected for the first time. In effect, they were the first hosts on what

would one day become the Internet.

The first message sent across the network was supposed to be “Login”,

but reportedly, the link between the two colleges crashed on the letter

“g”.

1970: Arpanet network

An Arpanet network was established between Harvard, MIT, and BBN (the

company that created the “interface message processor” computers used

to connect to the network) in 1970.

1971: Email

Email was first developed in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson, who also made the

decision to use the “@” symbol to separate the user name from the computer

name (which later on became the domain name).

1971: Project Gutenberg and eBooks

One of the most impressive developments of 1971 was the start of Project

Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, for those unfamiliar with the site, is a

global effort to make books and documents in the public domain available

electronically–for free–in a variety of eBook and electronic formats.

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毕业设计翻译文献

It began when Michael Hart gained access to a large block of computing

time and came to the realization that the future of computers wasn’t in

computing itself, but in the storage, retrieval and searching of

information that, at the time, was only contained in libraries. He

manually typed (no OCR at the time) the “Declaration of Independence”

and launched Project Gutenberg to make information contained in books

widely available in electronic form. In effect, this was the birth of the

eBook.

1972: CYCLADES

France began its own Arpanet-like project in 1972, called CYCLADES. While

Cyclades was eventually shut down, it did pioneer a key idea: the host

computer should be responsible for data transmission rather than the

network itself.

1973: The first trans-Atlantic connection and the popularity of emailing

Arpanet made its first trans-Atlantic connection in 1973, with the

University College of London. During the same year, email accounted for

75% of all Arpanet network activity.

1974: The beginning of TCP/IP

1974 was a breakthrough year. A proposal was published to link Arpa-like

networks together into a so-called “inter-network”, which would have

no central control and would work around a transmission control protocol

(which eventually became TCP/IP).

1975: The email client

With the popularity of emailing, the first modern email program was

developed byJohn Vittal, a programmer at the University of Southern

California in 1975. The biggest technological advance this program

(called MSG) made was the addition of”Reply” and “Forward”

functionality.

1977: The PC modem

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