2024年4月23日发(作者：)
15选10：
1、What do National Semiconductor,Maxwell House
Coffee,Deloitte&Touche,and Hearst Magazines have in
common?All these organizations are headed by
moreover,according to a recent study by Catalyst,a national
nonprofit organization assisting women in business,more
than 80 percent of Fortune 500 companies have at least one
woman on their boards of directors,up from 69 percent two
years e all this,there is evidence that women
are not commonly found at the executive
fortune-500 company has a female CEO;women executives
are extremely underrepresented in some industries,such as
manufacturing,engineering,and financial services;and
responses to the Catalyst survey show that six in ten
women believe women suffer discrimination in pursuing
executive business positions.
Industry experts have pointed out several blocks to
women's progress up the corporate these
blocks are the prejudiced notions of women that some men
in managerial positions still bring to the recruiting
addition,because women are often excluded
from the informal network outside the office-for
example,by not being given season tickets to sporting
events and by not being invited to play golf-they miss out
on the opportunity to build blocks
include difficulties in balancing career and family(women
are still the primary caregivers in our society),lack of
general management experience,reluctance to travel,and
unfriendly corporate cultures that drive women away
before they are ready for executive positions.
2、Lance Armstrong is thirty-three years old and is one of
the best athletes in the ists say his body
operates better than the average example,his
heart can beat more than two hundred times a
pumps an extremely large amount of blood and oxygen to
his legs.
Edward Coyle,head of the Human Performance Laboratory
at the University of Texas in Austin,tested Armstrong five
times from 1992 until time,the cyclist rode a
fixed bike for twenty-five minutes with the work rate
increasing every five minutes.
Scientists measured Armstrong's performance against the
amount of oxygen he Coyle discovered an
8%increase in Armstrong's muscle Coyle
suspected Armstrong might have developed more of a
certain kind of muscle during his seven years of training.
Doctor Coyle also discovered that Armstrong was able to
reduce his body weight and body fat before his Tour de
France victories,This enabled him to increase his power in
relation to his body weight by18%.Doctor Coyle says the
results of the study show that long-term training has more
of an effect on athletes than scientists thought.
Lance Armstrong is unique in another 1996,when he
was twenty-five,he discovered he had cancer of the
testicles,which had spread to his lungs and ong
received chemical treatment and several operations on his
he recovered,he began training again in
next year he won his first Tour de France
people who have survived and are living with
cancer believe he is a hero.
A college education is an investment in the it can
be a costly college Board estimates that the costs
at a four-year public college in the United States increased
10%this past school was less than the
13%increase the year before,but still much higher than the
inflation colleges and universities still cost a lot
less than private ones.
Financial aid often financial experts advise
parents to start college savings plans when their child is
still very young.
All fifty states and the District of Columbia offer what are
called plans are named after the part of the
federal tax law that created them in use private
investment companies to operate the majority of the
programs.
Every state has its own rules governing 5-29 of
the plans are free of state taxes(州税).And all are not
required to pay federal r,the government
could start to tax withdrawals(取钱)in 2011 if Congress
does not change the law.
5-29 plans include investment accounts that pleasant place.
increase or decrease in value with the investments
3、A major sociological theory known as
they es must decide how
aggressively they want to put money into stocks,or
symbolic interactionism offers some important
insights into how men and women are taught to
other investments.
Another kind of 5-29 plan lets parents begin to pay
fill different roles in society.
问题：①According to the passage,if one is
for their child's education in advance and long
before their child starts kind of
given a certain message about himself or
savings program is called a prepaid tuition
herself time and again,he or she will find it
money goes into an account to pay for an
believable and then behave accordingly.
education at a public college or university in the
②Cooley's concept of looking-glass self can
family's home state.
help us understand how men and women are
3、There is progress toward a possible treatment
taught to perform different social roles.
for lung diseases such as SARS(severe acute
③The word "intimidated" in paragraph 2 is
respiratory syndrome).Researchers have learned
closest in meaning to frightened.
more about how the SARS virus works:it interferes
④The author's purpose of writing this article is
with a system in the body that uses enzymes to
to show the influence of messages and
control blood pressure and fluid ists
communication on people's behaviors.
say the virus attaches to an enzyme known as
⑤What is the author's attitude towards the
ACE-two,The virus blocks the enzyme,permitting
theory of symbolic interactionism?Approving.
fluid to enter the lungs.
4、Surprisingly,no one knows how many
A team from Europe and Asia reported the findings
children receive education in English
in Nature Josef Penninger of the
hospitals,still less the content or quality of that
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in the
education.
Austrian Academy of Sciences was the major
问题：①The author points out at the very
writer of the discovery could lead to a
beginning that not enough is known about
new means of treating not just SARS but also other
hospital teaching.
diseases that can cause lung include
②What can be inferred from the latest
avian flu and influenza in humans.
survey?Only one-fourth of the hospital have
The first cases of SARS were discovered in full-time teachers.
Guangdong province,in southern China,in
③Even if hospital teaching is of any help,a
November of was not identified as a
teacher usually just keeps the children from
worldwide threat until March of disease
spread to 26 countries,most of them in the
idling around.
④What do children in hospital usually do in
Asia-Pacific estimated 8000 people had
than 770 of them died,or about 10%,a
order to catch up with their school work?They
relatively high rate.
turn to their schoolmates for help.
The World Health Organization warned people not
⑤W e can conclude from the passage that the
to travel to affected crisis hurt
author is concerned with the present state of
international travel and WHO says
hospital teaching.
the disease stopped spreading by July of a
5、Jan, 6 issue-The weather outside was
result of SARS,the health agency got new powers
icy,but inside,250journalists were gathered in a
to act before a government officially announces a
Manhattan office complex to see the latest
crisis.
schemes for rebuilding the World Trade Center
week was the fir st hope that
something good for the city could emerge from
September 11.
阅读：
答案：①The world "bungled"in Paragraph 2
1、The large American energy service
can be best replaced by spoiled.
company,Enron,failed a few years ago.
② The international competition for new
问题：①T passage mainly discusses two cases of
designs of World Trade Center was extremely
Enron's top officials.
fierce among designers around the globe.
②According to the government,
③the passage is mainly about the schemes for
misused his knowledge of accounting to cheat
rebuilding the World Tread Center site.
investors and others.
④It can be inferred from the passage that in
③What did Richard Causey claim?He is innocent
the schemes,the designers try to offer more
because he did everything according to the
ways of escaping in case of an emergency.
regulations.
⑤According to the passage,the most decisive
④According to the passage,one common feature
factor in the competition lies in how to treat
of the two cases is that both and
the street level and underground.
had done illegal things for their own
6、A soccer referee suspended for scoring a
benefits.
goal while taking charge of a game has
⑤It can be inferred from the passage that the two
resigned after being found guilty of bringing
cases found to be closely connected.
the game into disrepute by the Essex County
2、For any given task in Britain there are more
Football Association.
men than are needed.
答案：①According to the passage,savill hit the
问题：①According to the passage,the argument of
headlines because what he had done was
jobs between unions is settled by means of
against the law.
providing more job opportunities.
②What is the meaning of the word
②What is the author's attitude towards the British
"disrepute"in Paragraph 1?Bad fame.
way of life and work?Neutral.
③What does the word "it"in Paragraph 3 refer
③By "appear to be choosing leisure over goods
to?The referee's goal.
"in the last paragraph,the authors means
④Savill
that
resigned because he didn't expect the football
Britons prefer enjoyment to productivity.
association to suspend him.
④It can be inferred from the passage that
⑤
Britons
Which of the following is true according to the passage?What
won't increase productivity at the cost
Savill had done was quite rare among referees.
leisure.
7、
of
A
their
Census Bureau survey released Thursday shows a college
⑤By using the examples in Paragraph 5,the author
graduate can expect to earn ＄2.1million working full-time
means to tell us why some visitors find
between 25
Britain a
and 64,which demographers call a typical work-life
period.
答案：①The phrase "students on the margins"in Paragraph
2 most probably refers to students who don't know whether
higher education can have great influence on their earnings.
②Most of Malecek's classmates are trying to get the most
rewards from the money they have paid.
③We can learn from the passage that college graduates in
different majors usually get paid differently.
④The best title for this passage would be The Effect of
Education on Lifetime Earnings.
⑤The result of the Census Bureau's survey seems to be
rough.
完型填空：
1、Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution
can damage their health,but many do not know that
indoor air pollution can also affect health
nmental Protection Agency studies
indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 2-5
times,and occasionally more than 100 times,higher than
outdoor levels.
There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any
include combustion sources,products
for home cleaning and maintenance,personal care,or
hobbies;central heating and cooling systems and
humidification devices;and outdoor air pollution.
Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure
or repeated include irritation of the
eyes,nose,and throat ,headaches,dizziness,and
effects are usually short-term and
mes the treatment is simply eliminating
the person's exposure to the source of the pollution,if it
can be ms of some diseases may also
show up soon after exposure to some indoor air
pollutants.
Certain effects are similar to those from colds or other
viral diseases,so it is often difficult to determine if the
symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air
this reason,it is important to pay attention
to the time and place the symptoms the
symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from
home and return when the person returns,efforts should
be made to identify indoor air sources that may be
possible effects may be made worse by an
inadequate supply of outdoor air or from the
heating,cooling,or humidity conditions prevalent in the
home.
2、Amongst the most popular books being written
today are those which are usually classified as science
ds of titles are published every year and
are read by all kinds of rmore,some of the
most successful films of recent years have been based
on science fiction stories.
It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new
development in literature,but its ancestors can be found
in books written hundreds of years books
were often concerned with the presentation of some
form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found
in modern stories.
Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have
been written within the last hundred by
writers such as Jules Verne and H.G Wells,to mention
just two well-known authors,have been translated into
many languages.
Modern science fiction writers don't write about men
from Mars or space adventure are more
interested in predicting the results of technical
developments on society and the human mind;or in
imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the
world which we live in e of this their
writing has obvious political undertones.
In an age where science fact frequently overtakes
science fiction,the writers may find it difficult to keep
ahead of scientific who are sufficiently
clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may
provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the
problems which society will inevitably confront as it
tries to master its new technology.
3、One of the most important features that distinguish
reading from listening is the nature of the
the writer often does not know who will
read what he writes,he must attempt to be as clear as
can be taken to plan the piece of writing
so that it is eventually organized into some sort of
logical sequence of events or we
speak,however,we normally have very little time to
plan what we intend to we are actually
addressing our audience face to face we may omit some
of the information we believe our audience
the more familiar we are with our audience,the more
information we are likely to leave any case they
can always stop and ask a question or ask for
clarification if we have left out too much.A
reader,however,cannot do this but can at least
attempt comprehension at his own speed;that is to
say,he can stop and go backwards or forwards,refer
to a dictionary or just stop and we listen
we may have to work hard to sort out the speaker's
thoughts by referring backwards and forwards
while the speaker the speaker
struggles to organize his thoughts,he will use
fillers,he will still make mistakes and repeat what
he has already speech will be characterized
by a limited range of grammatical patterns and
vocabulary and the use of idioms to convey some
general meaning should be clear,then,that
the listener has to take an active part in the process
by ignoring the speaker's repetitions and
mistakes,and by seeking out the main idea
information through recall and keep
the process going smoothly he also has understood
without actually interrupting.
填空
1、The abstract is usually the first section of an academic
research paper,coming after the title and before the
introduction.
2、According to their formats,informative abstracts can be
classified into two kinds:standard abstracts and structured
abstracts.
3、Reduced Abstract(缩略性摘要)'s
format:purpose+methods、results、conclusions.
4、Verb Tense in Citations(引文当中的三种突出形
式):information prominent、weak author prominent、author
prominent.
5、A sentence of research questions generally consists of three
parts:signal word、missing information, and research topic.
6
of
、
the
Purpose:Y
following
ou
two
may
orientations:
write the statement
the orientation towards
of purpose from one
the
report itself;the orientation towards the research activity.
7、Value:It can be written from two alternative points of
views:value in theory or value in practice.
8、The main parts of the method(方法) section are procedures
and materials,which describes the steps used in your study and
the materials employed at each step.方法包含的内容：
Overview if the Experiment(also called study Design)、
population of sample、Location、Restrictions or limiting
Conditions、Sampling Technique、Procedures、Materials、
Variables、Statistical Treatment.(1、2、6、7必须要有)
9、The procedure is the description of the steps you followed
in conducting your study.
10、Results:So,this section presents the findings of the study
in both figures and text.
11、Different Types of Results(数据的不同表现形式):There
are generally three different types of results that you may need
to report,depending on the kind of study you do:Comparison、
Tendency and Relationship.
12、The last major section of the experimental research report
is usually titled discussion (sometimes called "conclusions").
13、Acknowledgements(致谢) are mainly used to express the
author's indebtedness to those other than(除了) authors who
have helped in the research by offering any useful
materials,specimen,technical know-how,suggestions,or
financial aid to the author.
翻译
1、You shouldn't have been following him so
closely;you should have kept your distance.(你应
该与他保持距离)。
2、All the key words in the article are printed in
bold type in order to attract readers' attention.(以
便吸引读者的注意)。
3、In recent years much more emphasis has been
put on (更注重)developing the students'
productive skills.
4、He thought he could talk on into
buying some expensive equipment(购买一些昂贵
的设备)。
5、You should have been more patient with that
customer(当时要是对那位顾客更耐心些);I'm
sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.
6、The shop assistant was dismissed as she was
charged with cheating the customers.(被指控欺骗
顾客)。
7、They always give the vacant seats to whoever
comes first.(最先来的那个人)。
8、At the special ceremony where the new
graduates received their degrees(毕业生接受学位
的)，my heart began to race and my mind went
blank.
9、No sooner had he won the champion(他刚一获
得冠军) than he told the good news to his parents.
10、By the time you get to New York,I would
have left for London(将已经动身前往伦敦了)。
11、If this can't be settled reasonably,it may be
necessary to resort to force.(诉诸武力)。
12、The traditional approach to dealing with
complex problems(处理复杂问题) is to break
them down into smaller,more easily managed
problems.
13、His business was very successful,but it was at
the cost of his family life.(以他的家庭生活为代
价的)。
14、Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a
substitute for smoking(作为吸烟的替代品)。
15、The lecture which lasted about three hours
was so tedious that the audience couldn't help
yawning(听众忍不住打哈欠)。
简答：
1、Descriptive Abstract(说明性摘要的定义)：A descriptive
abstract indicates the type of information found in the
merely identifies the areas to be covered in the is an
extended statement of purpose or scope,but makes no
judgments about the work,nor does it provide results or
conclusions of the research.
2、Evaluative abstract(评论性摘要的定义)：Its primary
purpose is to analyze the accuracy, completeness, usefulness,
appeal,and readability of an evaluative abstract
emphasizes the writer's assessment of the original work.
3、Informative Abstract(报道性摘要的定义)：An informative
abstract summarizes the entire report and gives the reader an
overview if the facts that is laid out in detail in the paper
presents and explains briefly the main points of the
article,including the background,purpose,methods,results and
conclusions,etc.
4、A standard informative abstract in its complete form usually
consists of the following parts:(摘要的构
12
成
、
内容)：
Background(研究背景):Introducing the present situation of
13、
the
e(研究目的):Stating the task,the
14
problem
、
to be
solved,or thesis of the s(研
15
究
、
方
法)：
Describing the
principles,subjects,materials,technology,methods or procedures
of the s(研究结果)：Presenting the data,effects
or properties obtained from the sion(研究结
论)：Providing the solution or answer to the problem raised by
the purpose;giving recommendations or predictions on the
basis of the results.
5、研究报告的定义以及研究报告和文献回顾的区别：An
experimental research report is a paper written by a researcher
or researchers to describe a study that has been
the research report and the literature review describe
a literature review uses publications to survey
research done by others,a research report provides an in-depth
firsthand description of a single research project completed by
the author.
6、Keywords(关键词的定义和功能):Keywords are the most
important words and phrases representative of the theme of the
research report and frequently used in the function of
keywords is to facilitate the information retrieval and
emphasize the gist of the paper.
7、Introduction(序论的功能和组成部分)：The introduction is
the first major section of the experimental research report. It
serves as a direction to readers,giving them the outlook they
need to understand the detailed information coming in later
introduction generally consists of five
parts:Background(背景)：General statements about a field of
research to provide the reader with a setting for the problem to
be ture review(文献回顾):More specific
statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by
other ch question(研究问题):Statements
indicating the specific subarea that needs to be further
e(研究目的)：Specific statements giving the
purpose or objectives of the study. Value(研究意义):Statements
giving a value or justification for carrying out the
study(optional).
8、Order of Citations（引文的顺序）：Depending on different
purposes and contents,citations in a literature review can be
arranged in several different can arrange them in
order from general to specific,that is,from those most distantly
related to your study to those most closely a literature
review describing the history of research in an area,you may
arrange your citations in chronological order—what happened
first is mentioned first.
9、Result(结果的定义和三个组成部分)：The results section
is the "core"of the experimental research the
accompanying text interprets the data and helps the reader to
focus on the most important aspects of the text
usually consists of three main information elements:Location
of data:statements that specify the figure(s)where the results
can be found.Results:statements that explain the meaning of
data or other findings.Interpretation:statements that give
reasons for certain results or explain their significance.
10、Results and Data(结果和数据的区别)：
Results are different from data although we often
simply refer to data as are facts in a
form of numbers obtained from experiments and
observations. Results are general statements that
interpret data stand alone,readers may not
understand the meaning reflected by them.
11、Discussion(结论的组成部分)： A reference
ti the purpose or hypothesis of the study. An
answer to the research question developed in the
Introduction. A review of the most important
findings,whether or not they support your original
hypothesis.④Comparison with the results of other
studies.⑤Possible explanations for or speculations
about the findings.⑥Limitations of the study.⑦
Implications of the study(in theory or in practice).
⑧Recommendations for future research and
practical applications.
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