2024年5月28日发(作者：)
史上最齐全的研究生（上）英语课本课后练习答案
大家仔细阅读以下内容，本书是通过数位同学的结晶和心血聚集而成，而非网上的翻译版，阅读
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起，答案都做了重点强调符号。
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谢谢大家惠顾！
敬请期待下册！
A解释词义
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
compulsory——required forcefully and without resistance
lease——to rent or give the use of a house or land by contract
facilitate——to make sth action or process easy or easier
highlight——to emphasize,to focus on something
execution——the act of killing sb;punishment by death
extract——to select and present passages,example,words, a
book,speech,etc.
A Find single words in the article which have roughly the meanings given below.
(casual ) close,not caring
( congeniality ) same or a similar nature,common interests
(niche ) le or fitting position
( intellect ) ability to understand things and to thirk irbeligenbly
(commitment ) sibility,a promise to do sth
( temperament ) 6.a person’s nature, it influences how he she thinks,behaves or
acts in general
(individuality ) characters and qunalities which make sb difenent fiom all others
(courteous ) and kind;showing good manners
(accentuate ) ize,make more noticeable
(invoke) st;call upon eamestly
A词语解释
1,dear f an arrangement in business
2,charity ca society that gives help to the needy
3,column aan article by a particular writer that regularly appears in
the newspaper
4,foundation han organization that provides money quickly,
sometimes improperly
5,raider ga person who makes a lot of money quickly,sometimes
improperly
6,throwaway esomething that is designed to be used only once or for
a short time
7,violation bthe breaking of an agreement or law
8,arraignment dthe answering of a charge before a court
9,breed ja particular type of person with special characteristics
or skils
10,victim isomeone who has been hurt or killed by someone or
something
B根据课文来填词
1.
2.
Some people are very sensitive about what others might think of them.
Between Christmas and New Year’s day,many stores have a long list of goods on
is known as New Year’s sale.
3. Statistics reveal that traveling during one’s vacation is becoming prevalent as
money and spare time increase.
4. A deficiency in educational resources puts at risk the intellectual development of
our children.
5. The applicant’s doucuments required for immigration were withheld by the local
police station because of his criminal record.
6. During the interview,Mary told the interviewer that she would like to do something
interesting but Tom said with certainty that he would choose the job which pays well.
7. It is important that the elevators be functional before the Spring Festival.
8. In spite of a good harvest, farmers were confronted with many difficulties in selling
their grain,which they alone could not overcome.
9. Foreign language learners should know that the way of expressing courtesy will be
quite different from country to country.
10. You will be spared the fine if you tell us who else was involved.
11. One evening,I was running after a robber in the nearby ly,I was hit by
a stroke of a heavy thing from behind and lost my consciousness.
12. A survey shows that ambitious companies will provide the customer with
high-quality goods as well as first-class services.
13. Some scientists and doctors claim that purified water,which is popular in the
market,may be harmful to children.
14. This book is worth buying for it highlights all the famous American writers and
their works.
15. It is very demanding job to be a soap-opera writer because the novelty of a
soap-opera wears off quickly.
B根据课文填空
1,The big company has a corporate way of doing most things and it is much the same
wether in Hong Kong or in Shanghai.
2,The consultant even suggested that they use devious means to justify their actions.
3,He is of American origins but he is now a naturalized Chinese subject with a Chinese
name.
4,The actress now lives most of the year on her country extate.
5,The young woman’s greed for expensive jewelry was well known.
6,He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’imprisonment for committing several
crimes.
7,We saw a lot of flattering pictures of Wellington in the museum.
8,He is a shrewd buyer who gets good value for his money.
9,Electronic art is a form of art that uses materials as moving and flashing light displays
as the artistic medium.
10,The policeman took away his bike because he had violated traffic regulations.
A根据课文内容填空
1 As you are married, you are required to fill in this form with the names of you and your
spouse.
2 They went into a small bar and sat at a coffee table that separated one piece of the
sectional lounge from its counterpart.
3 In order to have a good beginning of the conference, both sides carefully avoided
some touchy subjects on politics.
4 The experienced businessman counseled the company not to sign with unknown
corporations.
5 Sometimes, the subtle relationship among people makes our life complicated.
6 A person who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or
mental illness is defined as therapist.
7 The director told the enthusiastic youngsters in the hall that he only needed three
prospective candidates for the new play.
8 The problem of some kindergarten teachers is that they only pay attention to those
adorable kids while they ignore the others.
9 Her capabilities were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.
10 She likes her new job very much because she could have three days to gallivant
around business streets of the town every month.
B根据课文内容填空
1 It is a place where people should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony,
where the great achievements of modern civilization should be available to all.
2 The culture argument for preserving wildlife, that is part of our natural heritage,
argues itself, except to those who are blind to cultural values.
3 With keen insight, convincing facts and a global angle, Epstein vividly recorded a
brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.
4 The vegetarian restaurant makes its dishes resemble meat in every way except
ingredients.
5 People’s appearance makes the difference in how others judge him.
6 My university, founded about a century ago, has gained a nationwide reputation for
academic excellence.
7 It is the accumulated knowledge of centuries which differentiates modern humans
from their ancestors in the dawn of civilization.
8 I have been ashamed of my refusal to help the desperate man, which might have
been the final cause of his death.
9 With the development of our national economy, more and more people believe in
the market economy.
10 They are convinced that they should incorporate foreign techniques into their
business model so as to be more competitive in the business world.
B 根据课文填空
1 To shouw our appreciation for all your hard workwed like to give you a bonus and
a promotion.(para.3)
2 The governing body,as currently_ constituted includes three staff members(para.3)
3 He is quite different at parties-witty,outgoing he really_ sparkles __,but his sister is
shy and quite.(para.9)
4 His life was carefully compartmentalized ,with his work in one tity and his social life in
another.(para.10)
5 Lloyd has carved a_niche __for himself as a proifessional terries p;ayer.(para.10)
6 As the feeling of panic_ heightened ,peop;e started to fee towartis the
exits.(para.12)
7 Both ides have reached an agreementthat is _ binding __on all parties.(para.12)
8 He was a famous joumalist who wrote articles elegartly and_ articulately.(para.13)
9 Bill disliked the man immediately,and the feeling was_ mutual __.(para.13)
10 The differences between the two parties seemed especially_ irreconcilable,so it was
difficult for them to reach an agreement.(para.14)
B 近义词
t y e
al----b .respond ity----c. difference
te
-be
ent
e ess ----n .hate
----inity 14sneer----I. ridicule ive
C.选择填空
ivity
who are sensitive in character may have difficulty in making friends.
is loved by his students,for he is not only a learned person but also has a sense of
humor.
discoveries resulted from the sensitivity of scientists to seemingly common
things.
sory
Chinese government has issued a law that nine years of education is
compulsoryfor every child.
teenagers have no weekends undertake extra training or
remedial classes under the compulsion of their parents.
who plan to study aborad have to take a compulsory examination of language
proficiency.
new and tall buildings have big posters on their front windows saying“For
lease or Sale”but the real estate prospects are still quite bleak.
order to make some money moved his family to the first floor and started
lease the ground floor.
mes,leasing an apartment can be cheap and easy for a person who wants to
settle down in a new place.
ion
e he was driving his car at a speed of over 180 miles an hour,a tiny rock was
enough to deviate his car off the road.
time tension and perssure may cause people to behave deviantly.
investigation shows that the air crash was caused by a deviation from normal
airport procedure.
ent
prevalence of complaints about the bad weather all over the world may make
people aware how serious air pollution is.
is very interesting that some styles of clothes that were prevalent in the last century
have again become a fashion now.
ys the tradition of three generations of family living under the same roof is no
longer prevalent in many cities of China.
ency
the children in the kindergarten are required to drink at least one glass of milk a
day because rickets can result from a diet deficient in vitamin D.
immigrants have a very hard time in their first year in a foreign country because
of their language deficiency.
demerits of the present educational system are revealed by colledge graduates
who are deficient in practical experience.
t
is no need to read the whole mes people may benefit a lot from
reading just a few extracts.
is reported that some peasants have made a fortune by extracting poison from
snakes they raised.
es extracted from our daily life are vivid and easy for people to understand.
nt
experts were sent from Germany to join the air force officers in the
search for answers to the mystery that confronted them..
than twenty years’ confrontation between the two countries has been solved
by diplomatic negotiations.
gh he was confronted with many difficulties in setting up a new company,he
did not give up.
proverb “spare the rod and spoil the child”means that discipline is necessary
for children;otherwise they may grow up to be spoilt.
need to bring a spare tire with you just in case your car breaks down in the middle
of somewhere.
you spare me a few minutes?I have something important to talk with you .
A.I couldn’t believe he had a stroke last month because he can walk like a normal
person now.
feel sorry for some young women who think that a happy life means to spend
their time at home watching TV and stroking their pets.
is really amazing that he could write complicated Chinese characters with one
stroke.
A选择填空
1. Their business prospered at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts
and hard work.
(C) succeeded
2. Having taken the medicine, he went to bed and soon feel into a profound sleep.
(D) D. sound
3.
4.
If l’ve hurt your feelings, it was not intended. (B) B. planned.
How can you justify your rude behaviour towards your parents who love you so
much? (A) A. defend as blameless
5.
kept
6.
true
7. She had a pathetic look on her face because he left without saying good-bye to her.
The witness gave a factual account of what had happened in the court. (C) C.
He withheld the money until he was sure they would use it properly. (C) C.
(D) D. sorrowful
8. Even in modern society, barter(物物交换) transactions account for a certain amount
of trade. (D) D. dealings
9. They omitted from the report any mention of the programme’s difficulties. (D)
D. canceled
10. The young generation holds different views about family values and they show
great disrespect to their parents. (B) B. rudeness
A选择填空
sion is accessible to every kind of citizen form the most deperate of the poor to
the wealthiest and most powerful among us. B
A agreeable B apprachale C influential D manageale
society has been blamed for the decline of scores on scholastic achievement tests
for the rise in crime and for the supposed collapse of family life.C
A rejection B loss C fall D Shrinkage
challenge for the future lies in foestering conditions in cities that will be favorable
to economic growth. A
tive B meaningful C capable D creative
instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environmet is to be
innvative. D
A generative B meaningful C capable D creative
lization and division of labor increase productivity because they allow for the
development of skills and simplify tasks so as to permit the introduction. B
A manufacture of goods B rate of making goods C function of a factory D
efficiency of a machine
dramatic price increases of 1973-74 and 1978-80 have become known as the
OPEC oil price shocks because of the upheaval they inflicted on the world economy. D
A depression Bcollapse C catastrophe D disturbance
members in an Indian tribe own herds of animals which are much like a bull in
size, strength and temperament to display their wealth and social prestige. A
t B significance C distinction D eminence
8. Some people enjoy talking bout their fears while others resent being asked to discuss
their personal feelings. A
B decline C reject D avoid
9 Scientists can expect to find their task difficult,but not hopeless：the Universe is a
Universe of law, and God is not confusing us with deliberte paradoxes. D
A complications B commissions C confrontations D contradictions
10 Quite a few new new-comers were depedent on their parents who escorted them
when they came and registered in the university. A
A accompanied B examined C protected D ushered
C选择填空
B 1 When l told her the good news,news,her eyes sparkled with excitant.
d
A 2 Joyce is loved by all her friends because she is very congenial.
nt eous
y ive
D 3 We dressed in casual clothes for the outing.
ive
al
B 4 When two people feel the same way about each other,their feelings are mutual.
ible e
ocal l
A 5 We’ve made tentative plans for a holiday but haven’t decided anything yet.
ary ely
ed hing
C 6 Our sales campaign will be intensified to meet the keen competition.
ted thened
ied zed
C 7 We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.
t
nd
B 8 Without a moment’s hesitation he accepted the mission.
ion
ment tion
D 9 The result surpassed the highest anticipations of the promoters of the scheme.
ss ments
tions ations
B 10 It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the large one.
ant
dable ary
改错1
1. The first English immigrants that is
(A)
now the United States crossed
(B)
the Atlantic
long after
(C)
Spanish colonies had been established
(D)
in Mexico, the West Indies and
south America. (A) what is
2. We’d rather have long waits than
(A)
no shifting of the scenes, and
(B)
all the actors
on
(C)
the stage doing
(D)
nothing. (A) than have
3. The teacher said that if
(A)
we believed something was
(B)
true and good we should
(D) it
(C)
hold on to them
(D)
.
4. The text and dialogues below
(A)
focus on
(B)
cultural differences between Chinese
and Western societies which
(C)
can create misunderstanding if ignoring
(D)
. (D) ignored
5. When sailors are not supposed
(A)
to be at
(B)
work on the ship, they go to
(C)
ashore
and look around
(D)
town. (C) go
6. Abraham Lincoln once spoke of
(A)
democracy by
(B)
saying that
(C)
he would not be
a slave and nor he would be
(D)
a master. (D) would he be
7. I didn’t mind their coming
(A)
late to
(B)
the lecture, but objected
(C)
their making
so much
(D)
noise. (C) objected to
8. It’s true that the old road is less direct and a bit
(A)
longer; we won’t
(B)
take the
new one, therefore
(C)
, because we don’t feel as safe
(D)
on it. (C) though
9. Don’t make the examiner spend
(A)
too much
(B)
time trying
(C)
to get you say
something
(D)
. (D) to say something
10. On
(A)
seeing the young girl falling
(B)
into the lake, Eric sprang on his feet
(C)
and
went to
(D)
her rescue. (C) to his feet
改错2
1 No one can predict that(A) the consequences of urban growth on(B) such a scale will
be (C) for (D) the people living there or elsewhere
Athat改为 what
2 Human beings are paying a lot for medicine and are not getting all that (A) they think
they are (B) paying(C) a guarantee to (D) endless betterment
C playing后面加上 for
3 Despite (A) his low opinion of(B) professors –or perhaps in (C) an effort to improve the
breed –Smith himself eventually became it(D)
D it改为 one
4 With（A）the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B)spend a life tme
for(D)the advancement of scinece to the best(D) of one’s abillity
A with改为By
5 Any culture ,which,in the interests (A) of efficiency or in the name of (B)some political
or religious dogma,that seek (C) to standardize the human individual ,commits an outrage
against (D) man’s biological nature
C that seek改为seeks
6 The stroke left(A) him with serious difficulties (B) in speaking and with an impairing (C)
memory for(D)
C impairing改为impaired
7 As for (A) the last point ,it is perhaps not generally realized how dfficult is it (B) to make
verbally (C) accurate translations(D) of extremely techinical material
B it is 改为 is it
8 This has caused(A) them to deduce that scineces is mathematics(B) and hardly
nothing(C) else(D)
C nothing改为anything
9 It is (A) no doubt that (B) China has benefited from(C) her population policy (D)
A it is改为There is
10 The university ,faced with tightening (A) budgets and declining enrollments ,is (B)
casting about(C) for new ways to support and enlarge their(D) research activities
D their改为its
改错3
1, Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their ecological relations,
has furthered the efficient development of fishers.
2, In spite of his aged appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man’s.
3 Since I loved her very much when she was alive, I prize my mother-in-law’s picture
and I wouldn’t sell it for all the money in the world.
4 Human beings are social animals who usually prefer not to live in physical or
psychological isolation.
5 People who lose weight with the help of behavioral techniques, like weighing
themselves regularly and keeping records of what they eat, seem to need the same
techniques to keep the weight off.
6 The current anti-procreative atmosphere may be interpreted as a triumph of private
over social interests or, more, a triumph of rational man over natural man of the facilities of
planning, reason, and choice over emotion, heredity, and instinct.
7 They cannot go camping right now because they are taking care of a three-week-old
baby.
8 The field of dynamics in physics is concerned with a particle’s motion in relation to
the forces acting on it.
9 The suggestion that taxes be cut was not accepted by the mayor who foresaw a
deficit that was not yet public known.
10 I think I would have enjoyed the movie we went to last night even more if I had
read the book before seeing it.
改错4
1 We are willing to(A)share whatever(B)we know, no matter how it might be
little(C),with anyone who is in need of that(D)knowledge or skill. C. how little it might be
2 Every paper and magazine were(A)lying in wait(B)with(C)exhaustive stones about the
royal split(D)between the prince and princess of Wales. A. was
3 In debating,one musr correct the opponents’s facts,demy the relevance of his
proof,or(A)deny that(B)what(C)he presents as proof,unless(D)relevant,is sunfficent. D.
however
4 The reason why james Bond movies are（A）so popular is(B)because(C)they combine
the appeal of traditional spy(D)stories with the appeal of technological devices. C. that
5 So(A)effective these techniqunes are(B)that(C)considerable experimentation is now
being done(D)in teaching by means od television. B. are these techniques
6 A knowledge of several languages is essential to(A)the study of comparative
literature because without(B)them(C)one can read books only in(D)translation C. it
7 This time Williams had to(A)stay a week longer than is expected(B)but had
brought(C)his family some special gifts to make up for it(D). B. expected
8 A Brazilian linguistics professor claims(A)that language learners’rights(B)are ignored
in language teaching,and that(C)no approach can be truly“hunmanistic”when(D)these rights
are recognized. D. until
9 It is our deckine since then(A)in relation to our Europenan partners that has been so
marked,in order that(B)today we are not only no longer(C)a world power,but we are not in
the first rank even as(D) a European one. B. so that
10 Aside with(A)overcrowding and poor public transport(B),the biggest(C)problems
that(D)face Athenians are noise and pollution.. A. Aside from
改错5
1 The trouble is, as I see it that he is a perfectionist in his way, and he says that he will
not have children until they can afford it financially.
2 I would advise you not to press the matter too hard or become convinced that
money does not matter.
3 In these days, with the rising cost of living, it is dangerous for a married man to risk
his place in his profession or in his community.
4 He argues that he would not want his children to have to suffer hardship or not be
socially acceptable because of lack of money.
5 By the time people reach the sixties and are faced with（删除） retirement, the value
of money as a source of security might reach its peak.
6 Accordingly, this may be chief reason why some people wish to get rich as the actual
goods or possessions play a secondary part to the（删除） envy or admiration that this wealth
brings them.
7 When a person lives on inherited income, whether it supplements what he earns, or
frees him from working, he in judged as coming from a successful family.
8 Man requires accurate mathematical information but may find it difficult to express
numbers in a way he can understand.
9 The trouble is that with everything becoming qualified, from micro up to macro, the
world is becoming overburdened with numbers that defy man’s own ability to comprehend,
even when they are about his own body.
10 In Latin America, for example, studies indicate that women, who have completed
primary school average, have about two children fewer than those who have not.
改错6
1.
airport.
2. No one in this department has ever accused the governor of taking advantage of
If our friends cannot take us, we must make alternative arrangements to get to the
his position ;he is hard-working and considerate.
3. The pet dog died when it was fifteen,not of old age,but of a head injury when it fell
down a flight of stairs.
4. Casualties are said to be very high and in some villages,where older and less
substantial buildings predominate,it is said that not a house remains standing.
5. It was an accepted custom in western countries for men to open the door for
women and always to let ladies go first on social occasions.
6. Early industrial people used three times as much energy as their agricultural
ancestors;modern people are using three times as much as their industrial ancestors.
7. Geothermal sources, though in a sense free ,in order to be maintained, would end
up using more energy than they produced.
8. Ever since the invenetion of the tow-day weekend,where-to-go-for-the-holiday has
been live topic for people in this city.
9.
to fill it.
10. There is absolutely no reason for saying that there are no regularities in Nature with
which our statements of natural law correspond.
改错7
1. Had they (A) known the snowstorm would be(B) so treacherous,the hikers did not
When we speak of leisure nowadays,we are not thinking of securing time or
opportunity to do something;time weighs less heavily on our the problem is how
venture (C)into it(D)without proper equipment.
C. would not have ventured
2. His mood has swung (A) from a deep depression (B)to something(C)
approaching(D)optimism.
B. deep depression
3. People seem to (A)respond on (B) an individual basis depended upon (C) how
much hassle (D) each life event creates for a particular person.
C. depending upon
4.
women.
These are some of the key issues (A) about bringing up and educating(B)girls
discussing (C) in Professor Simpson’s talks and confidence-building(D)workshop for
C. discussed
5. On each (A) side of the highwaywas (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C) in
Professor Simpson’s talks and confidence-building(D) workshop for women.
B. were
6. Were it (A) not for the developments in steel production ,the railroad system had
not developed (B) to open up (C) the west of the United States and to industrialize (D)
England.
B. would not have developed
7. He had turned down (A) something he wanted to do because he was scared (B),
and had ended up (C) feeling depressive(D).
D. feeling depressed
8.
them?
C. had anxiety attacks
9. Brush strokes are not only (A) used for (B) making contour and structure, they are
If (A) the highly honored Duke Ellington, who had appeared on (B) the bandstand
some 1,000 times over 30 years, has anxiety attacks (C) who was l to think (D) l could avoid
symbols of (C) sentiments and emotions of the painter for himself(D).
D. himself
10. Economists have tried to discourage(A) the use of the phrase “undeveloped
nation” and encouraging (B) the more (C) accurate phrase “developing nation” in order
to suggest an on-going (D) process.
B. to encourage
改错8
1：Just as happy families value pleasures that involve personal effort, so they value
possessions that have personal meaning, like Grandma’s wedding ring.
2：If so pervasive a medium has come into our society in the last four decades, and if our
society has changed in drastic ways in that same time, why not assume that TV is the reason
why American life looks so different?
3：Consider the frequently heard charge that the increase in television violence is
somehow responsible for the surge in crime.
4：American fire departments have to be the world’s best –equipped as America has
twice Japan’s population, and 40 times as many fires.
5：To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a
sequence of instructions that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high
school.
6：Vincent Van Gogh killed himself when he was only 37, but he left behind him more
than 2,000 paintings and drawings, which established his reputation in a way he would have
never considered possible.
7：The chairman of the department, together with some other teachers, is planning a
conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
8：A great book (in删除) rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer
great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading to（加of） which you are
capable.
9：Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil,
enhances soil fertility and decomposes animal remains.
10：If only I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture.
1.选词填空
1.
other.
2.
3.
eyes.
4.
5.
She sufferedburnoutafter doing her last exam.
She’s an excellent student-bright,attentive andconscientious.
His friendsslappedhim on the back when he said he was getting married.
He took her by the shoulders,but she took an alarminglylong time to open her
The identical twins haveadjoiningrooms because they are inseparable from each
6. All the survivors of the disaster needed counseling,and the worst affected
receivedpsychotherapy.
7. About 100 years ago,two American researchers theorizedthat tooth decay was
caused by a microbe.
8.
9.
His behavior is that of a manic depressive.
She sang an emotional song about love and death.
10. Life was puremiserylast month;the children were ill and l had little money.
2.选词填空
1,Bert’s wife did not really stick by him when business fell apart and he became
penniless.
2,After his graduation from Shanghai Conservatory of Music,he went to Guangzhou to
try his luck at a musical career.
3,These were creatures thriwn up,so to speak,from the depths.
4,It’s unlikely that the forthcoming talks will amount to very much.
5,If you don’t know what you want,you might end up getting something you don’t
want.
6,I asked him how he was and how his project was working out.
7,The strange noise turned out to be just the dog scratching at the door.
8,He left his hometown to seek his fortune in big cities when he was only fifteen in spite
of his parents’objection.
9,Buying a stretch limousine costs big bucks and only a few people can afford one
10,Not many people could have their income increased beyond their dreams.
3.选词填空
1 In order to prevent corruption, the top leaders of government are required to
announce their income in public.
2 Some educators think that laying too much emphasis on classroom discipline is
holding back the students’ enthusiasm in study.
3 With the encouragement of their teacher, most students now take comfort in
speaking English with each other in class.
4 People are expecting to have a robot servant at home, that is, the orders are
programmed in computers and then everything will be done by it.
5 We had planned a picnic for the weekend but it rained all day, so we decided to make
up for it on the coming weekend.
6 The projector will not work unless it is connected with that machine.
7 Aside from taking twenty credits for the compulsory courses, you have to take at least
twelve credits of elective courses to earn a degree.
8 She is quite comfortable with her new job because she loves to talk with people.
4.选词填空
1 Do you know why the generation in America during the decade of the 1950s was
refered to as the Silent Generation?
2 I should not let him take on this jobs ;he was been working overtime every evening.
3 On Childrens Day,many restaurants are crowed with people,and customers are keep
waiting around for a wole hour.
4 university students must pay a large amount of tuition and,as a result, some students
form poor families have piled up student-loan debts.
5 Young people tend to jump ship whenever they have a better chance to improve their
situation
6 That pop singer teamd up with sone other people and established a new band ,which
enjoyed great popularity among youg people
7 They look upon training as a way to learn a new skill or behaviour that makes them
more marketable
8 Most foreign visitors to London will live and eat in the West End ,while others prefer to
venture out into the historic part of London on their own
9 Ted cleared out his desk and left the officie when his request for a raise had been
turned down
10 The young generation hates slaring away all their life as they think that there is life
besides work
5.选词填空
When which neighbor sufficient over cross
for mutual lift never who depress mother
public come blind be maybe as indeed
Convenience Friends
There are women with1. whom, if our paths weren’s 2. crossing all the time,we’d have
no particular reason to be friends: a next-door3. neighbor, a woman in our car pool, the4.
mother of one of our children’s closest friends or 5. maybe some mommy with whom we
serve juice and cookies each week at the Glenwood Co-op Nursery.
Convenience friends are convenient 6. indeed. They’ll lend us their cups and silverware
7. for a ’ll drive our kids to soccer 8. when we’re ’ll take us to pick
up our car when we need a 9. lift to the garage. They’ll even take our cats when we go on
vacation, 10. as we will for them.
But we don’t , with convenience friends, ever11. come too close or tell too much;we
maintain our 12. public face and emotional distance. “13. which means,”says Elaine, “that
I’ll talk about
14. being overweight but not about being 15. means I’ll admit being
mad but not 16. blind with rage. That means that I might say that we’re pitched this month
but 17. never that I’m worried sick 18. over money.”
But that doesn’t mean that there isn’t19. sufficient value to be found in these
friendships of 20. mutual aid, in convenience friends.
6.选词填空
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Viewers in Shanghai now have more than ten channels at their disposal.
The British Army wasin the throes of reorganization after War ll.
We went to a restaurant that specializes inltalian food during our stay in London.
Chronic in digestion comes ina number of forms,one of which is stomachache.
She hada talent for music and played the piano very well.
These community services are likely tobe available to all of us before long.
Having the car stolen completely screwed up our holiday plans.
Climate is especially important in the case of articles that are readily affected by
moisture.
9. She was absent today because she’s hada touch ofhay fever.
10. When we visited the Tower of London we had to wait outside because only a certain
number of people were allowed in at any given moment.
7. 选词填空
Strike up fall into step come into being serve on
Leave off out of step go back to center on
Draw on be based on take into account take up
1 Psychiatnic treatment of the family__ centered on ___separating the children from their
parents.
2 When my parents went back to ___their childhood,they began to discuss or consider
some events that had happened at that time.
3 He__ drew on ___his experience as a joumalist to make a documentary programme.
4 Taking into account ____all the circumstances,he thought it wise not to say anything
further.
5 The other members of the Council were expected to fall into step ___with the
chairperson.
6 When at last she lost her voice,he__ took up ___the reading aloud of the story.
7 He got really jealous when his girlfriend___ strikes up __a fniendship with another
young man.
8 The film__ is based on ___a short story by Thomas Mann.
9 Do you know when Parliament first__ came into being ___?
10 She has__ served on ___the committee for the last fifteen years.
11 “Sorry,l got interrupted”.
“Theat’s all right,carry on from when you__ left off ___.”
12 He is so conservative that he is_ out of step ____with modem life.
8. 选词填空
1. Many people in China now cannot forget what had happened in the 10-year turmoil
(动乱) and no one can bear going through that again.
2. If you want to quit your job, you have to move out of the apartment, which goes
with the job.
3.
4.
The documents came in response to various suggestions put forward by the public.
I was born and grew up in a world of silence, a world of hard work and necessary
patience.
5. He met with some trouble when he was reported to be having an affair with his
secretary.
6. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that her marriage would not break up if
love and loyalty count for anything.
7. Some people believe that some lies are necessary to hold our people together and
better our relationship.
8. He has been watching for every mail as he cherishes a hope that one day his
missing brother will contact him.
9. European TV was a fairly dull affair in comparison to American TV, but occasionally
it was enlivened now and then by American imports.
10. I still feel it is rather difficult for us to draw a line between white lies and dirty lies.
9.选词填空
Whatever else people do when they come together-whether they play,fight,or make
automobiles-they live in a world of talk to our friends,our
associates,our wives and husbands,our bosses,our teachers,our parents and talk
to bus drivers and total talk face to face and over the telephone,and everyone
responds with more sion and radio further swell this torrent of a
moment of our waking lives is free from words,and even in our dreams we talk and are
talked also talk when there is no one to of us talk aloud in our
talk to our pets and sometimes to are the only animals that do so.
The possession of language,more than any other attribute,distinguishes humans from
other understand our humanity we must understand the language that makes us
ing to the philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many peoples,it
is language that is the source of human life and some people of Africa,a newborn
child is a kuntu, a“thing”,not yet a muntu,a “peraon.”Only by the act of learning does the
child become a human ing to this tradition,we all become “human”because
we all come to know at least one language.
Why do we laugh? For years scientists have asked themselves this question .No other
animals laugh and smile only human beings, so dose laughter help us to survive in any way?
The answer seems to be that smiling and laughter help us torelax, reducing tension and
preventing which arecaused by er really is the best medicine!
10.选词填空
During the past ten years a great deal of attention has been given to “telling it like it
is.”My impression is that this devotion 1. to speaking one’s mind has more often led to
hurt feelings and ruined relationships to great joy.
I think we generally agree that never sing real feelings and withholding all
less-than-lovely thoughts about each other leads to constructive communication.
It’s a great to allow ourselves to admit our human weaknesses and pursue more
honest relationships with others. we need to keep a balance between telling it all and
telling nothing.
Recently I received a letter from a mother who had been ded by her son to
attend a weekend meeting with him. Under pressure from the group, her defenses
and she heard herself telling her son for the first time that he had been an
nt —that she hadn’t been planning to have a child. He turn told her that he
couldn’t a single day in his childhood that he’d been happy.”At that time,”
this woman wrote, “it seemed helpful. We cried and we made up; I though telling
rue had been good for us. But the trouble is, it wasn’t the whole truth. By the time Tommy
was born I did want him, and at he was happy. Ever since that day, we’ve both
been troubled by some terrible feelings we ge .”I must admit I’ve come to the
conclusion that some things are better left red. Honesty is a fine policy, but we
need a new sense of balance. Disclosing is not a on to every problem
even end in itself. It’s useful under some circumstances and terribly hurtful under
. It’s a good idea, I think , to be bite your tongue for ten or fifteen minutes
before saying what’s on your .Try to decide whether it’s going to open up
new and better ways of communication or wounds that may never heal.
11.选词填空
But if you’re unhappy,it can’t do you any good to smile,canit?ntly,the
positive effects ofsmiling are just the same whether youfeellike smiling or ists in
California askeda group of actors to act five different feelings: happiness, sadness ,anger,
surprise and fear—just using their faces. Changes in their heart rate,blood pressure and
temperature were written down. Most of the feelings they acted didn’t cause changes,
but ,when the actors smiled their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. This
happened even though they were only acting! So even if we feel sad inside, smiling seems to
make us feel better.
A sense of humor also helps to keep things in perspective. Lnterfering friends or a flat
tyre won’t seem quite so bad if you can see the funny side. So if you find yourself in
a(n)alarming situation, try to imagine how it must seem to an outsider as a sense of humor
and let yourself giggle. A psychologist writes:’if people try to show aoppositereaction
instead of a negative one, this will eventually become part of whose personality. If you start
to laugh, in time you will actually become happier.”
ne
gs
ng te
12.选词填空
You know that multilingual managers can communicate in various languages. Well,
multicultural managers can motivate in various cultures. But I find very few people can cross
cultural barriers and become wholly accepted by foreigners, which is how I define a
multicultural manager. It is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally
good enjoys learning the rich variety of foreign cultures and most likely has been exposed to
more than one culture in childhood.
You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until you have
been accepted by that person. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a
product in other language, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it.
That’s a critical difference.
A buyer will not like a foreigner who is arrogant about his own culture. He will find
reasons not to buy from such a monocultural salesperson. The trouble is most people are
arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it. Even those few who have become aware
of it cannot hide it. Foreigners sense this at once and set up their own cultural barrier,
effectively blocking any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.
Ironically, that multicultural requirement has been neglected too often in hiring
managers for international positions. Worse, it has mostly been neglected when sending
fast-track managers on international assignment, pointing to almost certain failure. And it is
affecting every industry. Even if you do not work for a multinational company, you may be
in touch with foreign customers, distributors, suppliers, licensers or licensees. Do you have
the right employee forging these relations?
13.选词填空
Is happiness proportional to income – to the money a person has? Is a man with two
rooms and two loaves of bread happier than a man with only one of each? Clearly poverty
and destitution do produce unhappiness. Obviously, man needs money to buy the
necessities of life.
But this presents another question. How many rooms and how man loaves of bread
(and thus how much money) does a man need? Most people in the Western world can
satisfy a minimal requirement for the necessities of life, but they still desire to increase their
income to buy more and more material possessions and status symbols, why?
The answer may be that as things are today, if a man is not rich, admiration and respect
are not given him by other people. This veneration from other people may be a greater
source of happiness than the money possessions themselves.
The modern desire for wealth is not inherent in human nature, and varies with social
values. If by law, we all had exactly the same income, we should have to find some other way
of being superior to our peers, as most of our craving for material possessions would cease.
Thus a general increase of wealth gives no competitive advantage to an individual and
therefore brings him no competitive happiness.
14.选词填空
Too often young people become employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies
ahead in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are
employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our school leavers face so
much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living.
Some stay long at a job and learn to like it, others quit the jobs to look for something that
suits them better. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a
salary up to their expectation. Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they
want and without realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this ignorance is that
there never has been proper vocational guidance in our educational institutions. Nearly all
grope in the dark when looking for a job and their chief concern when they look for a job is
to ask what the salary is like. They never bother to question whether they are suited for the
job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely
providing yourself and your dependents with daily bread and some money for leisure and
entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life,
selection of friends, leisure and interests.
In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your
interest. Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it
will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your chance to develop
your talents and ultimately make you an emotional wreck and a bitter person.
15.选词填空
Generation X activists,Rob Nelson and Jon Cowan, say their generation has every right to
worry about its future. To help the Xers, Nelson and Cowan have written …
We grew up as America,in many ways,fell down, they write ,While order generations
watched Neil Armstrong plant an American flag on the moon, we turned in to see Christa
McAuliffe killed in the Challenger explosion. We are the first to inherit a lower standard of
living than our parents and a debt that may soon eclipse the size of our economy. Among
the harsh realities that Generation Xers face are:A US teenager in 1900 was less likely to die
of an accident, a cardiovascular disease, or pneumonia than someone born in 1960, but more
than twice as likely to die by suicide or homicide.
During the last 30 years. The number of children living in poverty has increased by
nearly 30%.Half of the uninsured population in the United States is under age 25.
Since the mid 1970s, poverty among young adults has gone up by 50%;the median
income of under 30 parents fell by one-third.
In1993,AIDS was the top killer of young adults in 64 cities. The number of people with
AIDS worldwide is expected to rise form 14 million to 30 million by 2000.
“Only when millions more of us get in the face of the system ---read up and
understand the crises we face, talk about them to friends and family, volunteer, vote, and
speak our minds---- only then will we see an end to the reckless policies that have
mortgaged our future. The authors conclude.
Translation and Writing英汉互译
In Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more articulately a matter of
cents,boys and girls form deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk
together----not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to
form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual
discovery of each other’s and their own inner life.
与法国截然不同的是。在德国，友谊更清楚地表达为一种感情的根由。处于青春期的少男少女们，
建立起深厚的友谊。他们在一起散步、交谈一一与其说是为了增长智慧，还不如说是为了倾吐各自的
希望，忧虑和憧憬，为了团结一致组成统一战线来对付校方和家庭的干涉，并通过交往可以彼此了解
对方和自己的内心世界。
I once would have said that a friend is a friend all the way, but now I believe that’s a
narrow point of view. For the friendships I have and the friendships I see are conducted at
many levels of intensity, serve many different functions, meet different needs and range from
those as all-the-way as the friendship of the soul sisters mentioned above to that of the most
casual playmates.
我曾经说过，朋友自始至终是朋友。但是现在我相信这个观点是狭隘的。因为我所拥有的友谊和
我见过的友谊是有不同层次的，起着不同作用，满足不同需要。有知心姐妹那样的自始至终的朋友之
间的友谊，也有最无关紧要的偶尔在一起玩玩的友人之间的友谊。
In the past, when explorers or merchants went out into the world to find new lands or
markets or sources of raw materials,they often did not share a language with the people with
whom they came into this situation was encountered,one of three solutions
was adopted:(1)the foreigners learned the language of their host(or vice versa),(2)they used
some third language commonly employed in the region for trading purposes,or(3)a new
language emerged,made up of elements from the various native languages of its
ge that are used for communication among speakers of different languages are
called lingua name derives from a medieval trade language used in the
Mediterranean region and based largely on Romance language(Italian,French,and
Spanish)but also containing elements of Greek,Arabc,and the modern world,it is
fair to say that English is the most important lingua franca,since it is used as a means of
communication between large numbers of people who so not otherwise share a common
language.
在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们
通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之
一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语
言，或(3)产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的
人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中
世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也
包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，
因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。
These young people are setting new patterns for the relation of the individual to the
society about him. The condition of being unimpressed by authorities and elders has thorwn
them back more resolutely on themseleves. They are similarly unimpressed by time-honored
instace,young married couples today make few concessions to the more
superficial aspects of social my generation young brides suffered if their street address
was not “right”and if their table silver was not men were very
conscious of influential connections,commissions in the Army,and membership in good
s of this generation exhibit a singular insistence on wishing to be appraised for
themselves alone. How often I have kown them to conceal sedulously the fact that they
come of privileged candor. A college girl said to me,You know I have awalys been an awful
liar. I am trying to get over it. A veteran,in the presence of his stricken parents,informed a
mixed company that he had been a “psycho”for six months after the expresion
reveal the consolidations of a liberty of belonging to oneself and not to a social fiction.
这些青年人正在确定个人与其周围社会关系的新模式。不受上司与长辈影响的情况反而使他们更
坚定地自行其事。他们对经历了时间考验的传统也不在乎。例如，当今的青年夫妇拒绝向更注重表面
的社会生活习俗让步。在我们那一代，年轻的新娘们如果不是家住名区，如果他们家的餐具不够高雅，
她们则会咆尝其苦。那时青年人对于有影响的社会关系、部队中的官职、有名的俱乐部成员身份都十
分敏感。然而这一代人却坚持希望别人评价他们自身的价值。我常常听说他们小心翼翼地隐藏起出身
名门的事实。他们坚持作为一个独立的人被社会接受，这产生一种空前的坦诚。一位女大学生对我说：
“你知道我一直都不够诚实，我正在试图改正”。一位退伍土兵在一个男女混合的场合，当着目瞪口
呆的双亲面对大家说他在战后的六个月里一直是一个“精神变态者”。这些言词说明自由的坚固性
——一种属于自己而不属于虚伪的社会习俗的自由。
CalvinTrillin satirizes the idea of an Amercan Dream in his contemporary s,of
life I Americas “fast lane”.One of the key elements of good satire is an almost-beleveable
use of exaggeration. When a distortion grows so large that you think it may be ture---but
you still wonder ---that's when good satire has r element of satire is
is when the literal meaning of words is exactly opposite their actual meaning.
Irony is often funny but in a critical sort of wifes last words are full of irony.
卡尔文?特里林在其描述美国暴发户生活的当代故事“成功”中，讽刺了“美国梦”的观念。出
色的讽刺故事的要点之一是：在故事中运用几乎可信的夸大手法。在某个事实被歪曲得几乎成真时，
你相信它可能是真的——但是你其实仍在怀疑——这就是好的讽刺故事所要取得的最佳效果。讽8g
的另一要点是反语。反语指的是词汇的字面意义与其实际意义完全相反。反语往往有趣，但带有悲伤
的意味。课文中妻子的最后几句话完全是反语。
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
The young man was taken away form his office in handcuffs.A picture on the front page
of the afternoon paper showed him leaving his arraignment,trying to hide his face behind an
￥850 Italian overcoat.A long article in the morning paper used him own greed, probably
because of their humble origins. His friends and associates avoided him.
这个年轻人在他的办公室被带上手铐带走了。当天下午的报纸头版刊登了一幅他被传讯后离开
时的照片，证实了他已受到指控。照片上的他试图用他那件价值850美元的意大利名牌外套遮住他的
脸。第二天的早报上，刊登了一篇篇幅很长的文章，将他作为那些出身贫寒的华尔街商人最终成为贪
婪的牺牲品的代表。他的朋友和同事都避开他。
Aha, Money. It’s probably the only thing that complicates life between the sexes as
much as sex. And when a woman makes more of it than her man, life really gets complicated.
Even the most liberated man can feel threatened by a woman who earns more than he does.
And even the most well-adjusted couples say they have to work extra hard to keep their
relationships happy if the woman has the higher salary.
啊哈，钱!也许这就是唯一像性本身一样能使两性之间的生活复杂化的东西。当一个女人的收入高
于她的配偶时，生活就会变得复杂了。目口便是最开明的男土也会感到妻子挣的钱比他多对他是威胁。
而且即使夫妻关系最融洽的夫妇也认为如果妻子收入高于丈夫，他们必须格外努力去维护这种和谐的
幸福生活。
A sex stereotype that determines the interests and occupations of each sex is usually not
completely without a basis .The stereotyped idea of the male or female in a given society
may conform very closely to the temperament of a particular types of male or the
children who do not belong to these preferred types ,only the primary sex characteristics
will be definitive in helping them to classify impulses ,and later much of
their physique will be abnormal .They will be doomed throughout life to sit among the other
members of their sex,feeling less a man ,or less a woman ,simply because the cultural ideal is
based on a different set of clues, a set of clues however no less valid.
决定男女各自兴趣和职业的性别模式通常并不是没有一点依据的。在某一社会环境中，男女的性
别模式观念一般与某一时期特定的男人或女人概念密切相关。 对于儿童，如果不具有某一社会中人
们观念上所公认的性别特征，而仅仅是靠生理上的性别特征来辨别他们，那么他们的情感，爱好以及
将来的体格上将会表现得不正常。他们必定会终生感到自己在同类中缺乏男子气或女人味。这是因为
他们的文化理念是基于一系列不同的性别模式观念，而这些性别模式观念还是很有道理的。
Macking the customer onnection is Gerstner'
建立与顾客的联系是Gerstner的目标。在“经济周刊”进行的一系列采访中他说道广我是带着
一种观点来到这里的(1BM)，即：你与顾客共同开始新的一天，你将以顾客为中心考虑公司的工作，
并以顾客为中心组织工作”。这种方法在某种程度亡是IBM公司在计算机服务业中迅猛发展的原因，
也是华尔街突然喜欢起IBM公司的原因之一。IBM就象一台大发动机，多年来首次所有的活塞都开
动了：新型的大型机、个人计算机和小型计算机销售情况均喜人。IBM公司努力地争取成为各家公司
在公司内部网络装置中应用IBM公司产品时的不可缺少的助手。当今，计算机服务业是IBM公司增
长最快的业务。
IBM ist't the only company trying to get close to
不仅IBM公司，其它公司的高层领导也试图与顾客建立良好关系。建立关系成了各大公司巨头反
复强调的宗旨。西北大学的J．L．KelloSS管理学院的教授PhilipKotler说：“越来越多的总经理意
识到，他们本人就是负责销售的总经理，正在销售信誉”。他还说，“这种销售是在各公司的总经理
阶层中进行”。“其建立的不仅是连接销售员与采购经理之间的桥梁，它还是一座连接各公司总经理
之桥”。
As for the peasant populations of a great part of the world, they aren’t so much
anxious as hungry. They aren’t anxious about whether they will get a salary raise ,or which
of the three colleges of their choice they will be admitted to ,or weather to buy a ford or
Cadillac , or weather the kind of TV set they want is too expensive. They are hungry,cold and,
in many parts of the word , they dread that local warfare ,bandits ,political coups may
endanger their home, their meager livelihoods and their lives. But surely they are not
anxious.
Anxiety, as we have come to use it to describe our characteristic state of mind,can be
contrasted with the active fear of hungry, loss, violence and death. Anxiety is arrow, a stab in
the back and other calamities, all directed against one’s self-disappears.
对于全世界的大部分农民来说，饥饿是他们最为焦虑的事。他们不会为是否加薪而感到忧虑，不
会为选择三所大学中的哪一所而感到忧虑；也不会为究竟购买福特汽车还是凯迪拉克车感到忧虑；或
为他们想买的电视机的价格太贵而感到忧虑。他们饥寒交迫。在世界许多地区，农民害怕局部的战争、
暴徒、政变可能危及他们的家园、危及他们缺吃少穿的生活和生命。但是可以确切地说他们并不感到
焦虑。
正如我们一直用焦虑来描绘一种典型的心态一样，焦虑与饥饿、损失、暴力以及死亡的恐惧感完
全不同。焦虑是一种在即刻将发生的、导致生命危险的恐怖事件消失时所出现的正常情感。此类恐怖
事件有火山爆发，冷箭袭击，背后挨刀以及其他灾难等。
Translate the following sentences into English
1.如果你已答应为你兄弟付学费，并许诺每年赠给你妹妹一百英镑购置衣服，你就是做了相当多
的承诺
If you have agreed to pay your brother's school expenses, and give your sister ￡100 a
year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.
2.她矫揉造作的举止与哈里特由衷的乐天派性格形成了鲜明的对照。
Her affected manners were in striking contrast with Harriet's spontaneous gaiety.
3.他的评论大量的引用了他在那个国家的经历。
His remarks drew heavily upon his experiences in that country.
4.就其年轻与经验而言，他在此剧中的演出是相当出色的
His acting in the play was remarkable, taking into account his youth and inexperience.
5.他振作起精神去继承父亲未竟的事业。
He exerted himself to take up where his father had left off.
6.总统就位，军乐队奏起了国歌。
The President took his place on the platform, and the military band struck up the
national anthem
7.这两个国家间的友好交往可以追溯到唐代。
The friendly contacts between the two countries go back to the Tang Dynasty.
8.那种类型的人一辈子就做一种工作，从不变动。
That kind of people stay put in one job all their lives.
9.这项新任务使他潜在的才智得以充分发挥
The new responsibilities drew out his latent talents.
10.总统的公开言论与他党内大多数人的观点显然很补协调。
The President's public statements are obviously out of step with the majority of his
party.
1.有一种理论，把对目的语(target language)的敏感性视作语言学习中最重要的因素之一。（refer
to…as）
One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most
important factors in language learning.
2.为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语原版电影出租给他们。（lease）
In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the
original editions of English films.
3.一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其它许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多的大
减价的招贴。（come up with）
On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shop, big or small, will come
up with more discount notices.
4.当某语言中的一些不符合语法的表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐地被公众所
接受。（prevalent）
When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will
gradually become accepted by the public.
5.这家企业倒闭，并不是因为资金缺乏而是因为管理不善。（deficiency）
The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management
deficiency.
6.广告通常以突出所宣传的产品或服务来招揽顾客。（highlight）
Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract
customers.
7.有人争辩说，我们应当抑制语言变化的速度，否则我们回每隔20年就得学习一种新的语言。
（withhold）
It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may
have to learn a new language every twenty years.
8.我很感谢他，因为每当我学习遇到困难时，他总是来帮助我。（encounter）
I am grateful to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would
help me.
9.要改变这个厂的经济状况得花大力气。（take pains）
It will take great pains to improve|change the financial situation of the factory.
10.那些主张语言纯净化的人是为了保护他们的文化而保护语言。（for the sake of）
Those who advocate the purification of a language protect the language for the sake of
their culture.
1. 关于说谎是否总是坏的，是否应该避免，不同的人有不同的看法。（avoid）
Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether
it should be avoided.
2. 伦敦最高的大楼同纽约的摩天大楼比较起来，仍然算小的。（in comparison with）
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New
York.
3. 在可接受的谎言与恶意的谎言之间定界是因人而异、因文化而异的。（draw a / the line
between）
The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie
varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.
4. 溺爱孩子的母亲常常会对自己孩子的过错睁一只眼闭一只眼。（turn a / one’s blind ere）
Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye to the faults of their children.
5. 当暴力行为发生的时候，这个国家需要一个能使人民团结一致的领袖。（hold…together）
The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together when violence
breaks out.
6. 自私者将所有的人分成两类：他喜欢的人和他不喜欢的人。（categorize）
A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he
dislikes.
7. 她对我的话感到恼火，但我无意去伤害她。（intention）
She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.
8. 老师对调皮的学生抱有成见是错误的。（stereotype）
It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.
9. 在有些国家，一个人如果有意不想工作，可以很容易的退出一段时间，靠失业保险金和其他
福利来维持生活。（intentionally）
In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find
it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and
other benefits.
10. 丈夫去世以后，使她经受了极大的痛苦。（go though）
She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.
1 与当今的年轻人不同，当我们还是十几岁的孩子时，就不得不承担起家庭的责任，帮助父母干
家务活。
Unlike the young people today, we had to take on family responsibilities and help
our parents with housework when we were teenagers.
2 X这一代人对工作认真负责，但他们蔑视其父母及上司那种工作狂似的，拼命工作的心态。
Generation X'ers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic,
slave~to~the-job mentality of their parents and bosses.
3 当今许多的孩子都能独立的使用各种计算机软件程序工作并能很快的理解他们。
Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own
and comprehend them quickly.
4 因为他们的幻想破灭了，不知道在新获得的自由下该做什么，因此被称为“失落的一代”。
They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and
did not know what to do with their new liberties.
5这些不同文化背景的年轻人都具有共同的爱好，喜欢同样的服饰、音乐和娱乐。
The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for
the same clothing styles, music and entertainment.
6 X这一代人非常喜欢娱乐，因此无论在工作岗位上，学校还是家中，对他们来说，过得快活是
最重要的。
Generation X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment, and it is a priority
for them to have a good time whether they are at work, school or home.
7 在中国，许多人把自己的工作看作为自己的事业，因此对工作单位忠心耿耿，富有责任感。
Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and
commitment to the workplace
8 这些年轻人渴望改善他们的处境，一旦可能有更好的职位，他们总是跳槽。
Young people desire to upgrade their situation and they are always jumping ship at
the hint of a better position.
9 X这一代人由于受负罪感重而又常常不在家的父母的宠爱，在政治、教育和经商等方面都没有
做好接班的准备。
Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, X'ers are not ready to
take over in politics, education and business.
10 年轻的企业家受到激励，与同事携手，以不可匹敌的速度研究并创造新产品。
Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the
research and create new products at unparalleled rates.
1 一个出身贫寒的青年梦想成为百万富翁，结果幻想彻底破灭，因为他企图使用非法的电子交易
手段达到致富目的。
A young man of humble origins dreamed of becoming a millionaire, but he was
thoroughly disillusioned because he tried to seek his fortune by means of a
law-violating electronics acquisition.
2 他好不容易装出一副像是在很满意的微笑的表情。
She managed what amounted to a smile of satisfaction.
3 他最终为解决这个多年来一直未能解决的问题设计出软件。
He ended up designing a software program to solve this problem which had
been unsolved for years.
4 他在一位同学的陪伴下去火车站接他生病的母亲。
He went to the station in the company of his classmates to pick up his sick mother.
5 大学毕业后，他被授予一份政府奖学金继续深造，这是他做梦也远远没有想到的。
After graduation from university, he was granted a govemment scholarship to
further his study, which was far beyond his dream.
6 他是一位优秀教师，每当同学有困难时，他总是和他们在一起。
He was an excellent teacher who always stuck by his students whenever they had
difficulties.
7 他在这城市里默默无闻，但我猜想他在自己村子里并非等闲之辈。
He is nobody here in the city, but I suppose he is a somebody in his own village.
8 她说，百万富翁是他爸爸而不是他本人，他要自己养活自己。
She said that it was her father, not herself, who was a millionaire, and that she would
like to earn her own living.
9 恕我直言，我认为我们应该采取更为激烈的措施来控制通货膨胀。
Therefore I think we must, so to speak adopt more extreme measures to curb
inflation.
10 他的公司因管理不善而失败以后，他决定在保险业方面碰碰运气。
After his company failed because of poor management, he decided to try his luck in
insurance.
1 当布莱克先生的太太每星期能挣1000美元时，他开始感到有些不安
Mr. Black felt somewhat upset when his wife pulled down $1,000 a week.
2 随着高薪女性人数的增加，越来越多的男士会对妻子的成功感到理所当然
With the increasing number of high-paid women, more and more men will be
comfortable with their spouses’ success.
3 使职业妇女感到棘手的问题是：如何弥补他们应对家庭承担的责任
It is a tough problem for career women how to make up for the responsibility to the
family that they are supposed to take?
4 为了安慰病人，许多医生认为对其病情的严重性说的轻些是明智的
In order to comfort the patients, many doctors thought it wise to play down the serious
nature of his illness.
5 如果一个人的自尊心主要来自他的工作或收入的话，那么他就会感到很难适应经济地位的变化
It may be hard for a person to adapt to a shift in economic power if his or her
self-esteem is derived mostly from a career or income.
6. 一项调查表明，夫妻间的一些问题与传统的观念有关
A survey shows that some problems between husband and wife are connected with
traditional ideas.
7 由于传统观念，有些丈夫仍竭力阻止妻子从事家庭以外的工作
Owing to traditional ideas, some husbands try hard to hold their wives back from
working outside their houses.
8 我们应该让人人都明白，当一个人在生活上遇到问题时，以酗酒或寻找婚外情的方式去解决是
一种愚蠢的做法
We should make everybody realize that it is stupid to retaliate by drinking more or
having an affair when a person has encountered some problems in life.
9 驻香港的总部曾提供给王女士一份很好的工作，但却她拒绝了，因为他有一个刚满两岁的孩子
Miss Wang was offered a good job in the head office of Hong Kong, but she passed it up
because she had a two-year old infant.
10 一位著名影星11年来与她的丈夫一直以恩爱夫妻的姿态出现在公众场合，但最近他却宣布将
要离婚
A famous movie star kept up appearances in public with her husband for eleven years
but recently she has announced a divorce.
1在这家公司工作了一段时间以后......
Having worked in this company for a certain period of time, most employees came to
agreement on its basic beliefs.
2每家公司都应保持而不是消除自己的特色....
Each company should keep its peculiarities which will differentiate one from another
rather than strip them away.
3 越来越多的企业家信奉的是利润和社会效益....
More and more entrepreneurs believe in managing for profit and the common good
and contributing to the well-being of the communities where their companies are located.
4 作为国家重点大学之一......
Being one of the nation’s key universities, it is instrumental in developing
community’s culture.
5 尊重顾客和提供优质服务.....
Respecting customers and providing the best service have made us more and more
competitive with large discount chains.
6 他把自己奉献于社区工作并对自己做的工作充满热情....
He has devoted himself to his work for the community and is passionate about what he
is doing.
7 有的人认为将外国生产和管理技术移植到中国企业是没有意义的。
Some people think that it does not make any sense to transplant foreign production
and managerial techniques into Chinese companies.
8 尽管我们在技术开发上取得了巨大成功....
In spite the fact that we have made great achievements in the development of
techniques, we are ashamed of the damage we have done to our environment.
9 毫无疑问，引入外资对当地的经济发展起了重要作用。
There is no doubt that the introduction of foreign investment has made a difference to
the local economic development.
10 这个新方案仅供讨论，......
The new scheme is open to discussion and new constructive suggestions can be
incorporated.
1只有当我在他的背上拍了一下后，他才发现我并高兴的叫起来。(slapsb on the back)
Only after I slapped him on the back did he see me and cry happily.
2忧郁症有好几种类型，慢性轻度狂躁是其中之一。（come in…forms）
. Depression comes in quite a number of forms, one of which is chronic hypomania.
3忧郁症可能成为一种可怕的，致命的疾病，甚至会毁灭事业和婚姻，但是它可以被治愈。（screw
up）
Depression can be a dreadful, fatal disease and can even screw up careers and
marriage, but it can be treated.
4高级师资培训课程的特点是将重点放在对教学的评估上。（be characterized by）
The advanced teacher training course was characterized by its emphasis upon the
evaluation of teaching and learning.
5她可能陷入了忧郁之中，因为她脸上的表情有些悲伤。（fall into, a touch of）
She may have fallen into depression because there was a touch of sadness on her face.
6对海豹这样高度敏感的动物而言，进行初级训练是容易的。(Seal, in the case of)
In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy.
7去年我去欧洲度假时，我的朋友把他的房子让给我随意使用。（atin one’s disposal）
When I spent my holiday in Europe last year, my friend left his house at my disposal.
8开始他专攻画鸟，后来又写有关鸟类的文章。（specialize in）
He specialized first in painting birds and later in writing about them.
9有人认为情绪沮丧在较为贫穷或受教育层次低的人中较为普遍。事实上，情绪沮丧常常侵袭那
些最为雄心勃勃的人。（prevalent hit）
Some people think that depression is more prevalent among poorer or less educated
people; in fact, it often hits the most ambitious extra hard.
10患轻度狂躁者可能在好几年中会具有过人的精力和对明显不相关的数据进行综合的天赋。（a
talent for）
Hypomanics may go for years with extraordinary energy and a talent for synthesizing
seemingly disparate bits of data.
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