2024年5月31日发(作者:)

英语单词常用前缀和后缀

前缀

一.表示否定的前缀

1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。

disabled(有残疾的) disadvantage(缺点)disagree(不同意) disarm(解除武装)disconnect(失去联系)

2.in-加在形容词,名词之前

incorrect(不正确的), inactive(不积极的), informal(非正式的), infamous( 声名狼藉的),

3.im-加在字母m, b, p之前

impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impatient(没耐心的)

4.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前

unfortunate(不幸的), unhappy(不高兴的), unlucky(不幸运的), unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)

5.non-加在形容词,名词前

non-existence(不存在),non-violence(非暴力),non-electrical(非电的)

6.mis-加在动词、名词之前

misuse(误用,滥用), misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),

7.anti-加在名词、形容词之前

anti-Japanese(抗日战争的),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antifreeze(防冻剂)

二.表示“前before”的前缀

1.pre-

preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言)

prefix(前缀), preposition(介词).

2.fore-

forehead(前额),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)

3.ex-

ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻)

三.表示“后-post”的前缀

1.post-

post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)

四.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀

1.re-

repeat(重复),rebirth(重生),retranslate(再译),rebuild(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)

五.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀

1.co-

co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校),

六.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀

1.inter-

international(国际的), interchangeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的)

七.其它的前缀

1.auto-自动

automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传)

2.mal-坏,恶

malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)

3.micro-

microscope(显微镜),Microsoft(微软),microtome(切片机),microwave(微波)

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4.tele-远

telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),tele-education(远程教育),

5.demi-, semi- hemi-

semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)

6.bi-, di-二

biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物),bicycle(自行车)

7.tri-三

triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),tricycle(三轮车), trilogy(三部曲)

8.multi-多

multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multimedia(多媒体), multi-gym(多功能健身器)

-通过,横过

transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant

(移植)

10.com-,con-, cor-, col-共同,和,完全

comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),

collaborate(合作,合著)

11.en-,em-往……里,使……

encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),empower(给。。。的权力)

12.deci-,deca-十

decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)

13.centi-百

centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)

14.milli-千

millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)

15.kilo-千

kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)

-小的,短的

bus(公共汽车)—minibus( 小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt

中间的

day(天, 白天)—midday(正午) night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)

后缀

一.名词后缀

1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)ee

意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,

gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor

employee(职工, 雇员, 店员)interviewee(被接见者, 被访问者)

2.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,

kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability

3.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,

racism

4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess

5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood

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6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,

friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship

7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful

8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,

starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation

9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement

10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal

11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,

breakage,hostage

二、动词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify

2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,

legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten

3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,

differentiate

三、形容词后缀:

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,

thankful, fearful

2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless

3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly

4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like

5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,

foolish,girlish

6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例

词:troublesome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome

7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,

comfortable,expansible,convincible

8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped

9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical

10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,

imaginary, contradictory

11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,

erroneous,malicious,gracious

12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,

methodical,dramatic,heroic

13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:

attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

四、副词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1.-ly意为:以……方式(anner;etc.)

例词:happily, boldly,strangely

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2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),

backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)

练习巩固题。(猜猜下列单词的意思)

clear r t est

urpose sh ss ss

ike tinue ember fort

m ow onal

nce lete ible n

21injustice al tory ool

n an t

uction t h

ination y t ider

e ul

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