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Designation:D2303–97

AnAmericanNationalStandard

StandardTestMethodsfor

Liquid-Contaminant,Inclined-PlaneTrackingandErosionof

InsulatingMaterials

1

ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2303;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof

originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A

superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.

1.1Thesetestmethodscovertheevaluationoftherelative

trackinganderosionresistanceofinsulatingsolidsusingthe

liquid-contaminant,inclined-planetest.

2

Thefollowingtest

methodsalsocanbeusedtoevaluatethetrackingresistanceof

materials:D2132(contaminants:dustandfog)andD3638

(contaminant:conductiveliquiddrops).

1.2Twotrackingandoneerosiontestprocedurearede-

scribed:

1.2.1A“variablevoltagemethod”toevaluateresistanceto

tracking.

1.2.2A“time-to-trackmethod”toevaluateresistanceto

tracking.

1.2.3Amethodforquantitativedeterminationoferosion

(AnnexA1).

1.3Whileaparticularcontaminantsolutionisspecified,

otherconcentrationsofthesamecontaminant,ordifferent

contaminantsmaybeusedtosimulatedifferentenvironmental

orserviceconditions.

1.4Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded

asthestandard.

1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe

safetyconcerns,ifany,e

responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-

priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-

ficprecau-

tionarystatementsaregiveninSection8.

ncedDocuments

2.1ASTMStandards:

D374TestMethodsforThicknessofSolidElectricalInsu-

lation

3

D1711TerminologyRelatingtoElectricalInsulation

3

ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-9on

ElectricalandElectronicInsulatingMaterialsandarethedirectresponsibilityof

SubcommitteeD09.12onElectricalandElectronicTests.

CurrenteditionapprovedSept.10,ally

issuedasD2303–eviouseditionD2303–96.

2

,Chapter4,“SurfaceFailureMeasurements,”Engineering

Dielectrics,VolIIB,ElectricalPropertiesofSolidInsulatingMaterials,Measure-

mentTechniques,kas,Editor,ASTMSTP926,ASTM,Philadelphia,1987.

3

AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol10.01.

1

D2132TestMethodforDust-andFog-TrackingandEro-

sionResistanceofElectricalInsulatingMaterials

3

D3638TestMethodforComparativeTrackingIndexof

ElectricalInsulatingMaterials

4

ology

3.1Definitions:

3.1.1erosion,electrical,n—theprogressivewearingaway

ofelectricalinsulationbytheactionofelectricaldischarges.

3.1.2erosionresistance,electrical,n—thequantitative

expressionoftheamountofelectricalerosionunderspecific

conditions.

3.1.3track,n—apartiallyconductingpathoflocalized

deteriorationonthesurfaceofaninsulatingmaterial.

3.1.4tracking,n—theprocessthatproducestracksasa

resultoftheactionofelectricdischargesonorclosetothe

insulationsurface.

3.1.5tracking,contamination,n—trackingcausedbyscin-

tillationsthatresultfromtheincreasedsurfaceconductiondue

tocontamination.

3.1.6trackingresistance,n—thequantitativeexpressionof

thevoltageandthetimerequiredtodevelopatrackunder

specifiedconditions.

3.2DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStandard:

3.2.1initialtrackingvoltage,n—theappliedvoltageat

whichcontinuoustrackingcanbeinitiatedinaspecifiedtime.

3.2.2time-to-track,n—thetimeinwhichtrackingproceeds

aspecifieddistancebetweenthetestelectrodesataspecified

voltage.

3.3Otherdefinitionspertinenttothesetestmethodsare

giveninTerminologyD1711.

ficanceandUse

4.1Thesetestmethodsdifferentiateamongsolidelectrical

insulatingmaterialsonthebasisoftheirresistancetotheaction

ofvoltagestressesalongthesurfaceofthesolidwhenwetwith

anionizable,electricallyconductive,liquidcontaminant.

4.2Thesetestmethodsquantitativelyevaluate,inarelative

manner,theeffectsuponaninsulatingmaterialresultingfrom

4

AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol10.02.

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

1

effectsaresimilartothosethatmayoccurinserviceunderthe

influenceofdirtcombinedwithmoisturecondensedfromthe

atmosphere.

4.2.1Inthefield,theconditionsresultinginelectrical

ation,oftenintheform

ofaconducting“track”,developsveryslowlyuntilitulti-

matelybridgesthespacebetweenconductorsthuscausing

completeelectricalbreakdown.

4.2.2Inthesetestmethods,theconductingliquidcontami-

nantiscontinuouslysuppliedatanoptimumratetothesurface

ofatestspecimeninsuchafashionthatessentiallycontinuous

electricaldischargecanbemaintained.

4.2.3Byproducingcontinuoussurfacedischargewithcon-

trolledenergyitispossible,withinafewhours,tocause

specimenfailurewhichissimilartofailureoccurringunder

long-timeexposuretotheerraticconditionsofserviceinthe

field.

4.2.4Thetestconditions,whicharestandardizedandaccel-

erated,donotreproducealloftheconditionsencounteredin

tionwhenmakingeitherdirectorcomparative

servicebehaviorinferencesderivedfromtheresultsoftracking

tests.

4.3Thetime-to-tracka1-in.(25-mm)distanceataspecified

voltagebetweenelectrodesseparated2in.(50mm)hasalso

beenfoundusefulincategorizinginsulatingmaterialsfor

indoorandprotectedoutdoorapplications,suchasmetal-clad

switchgear.

4.4Theinitialtrackingvoltagehasbeenfoundusefulfor

evaluatinginsulatingmaterialstobeusedathighvoltagesor

outdoorsandunprotected,aswellasforestablishing(see10.1)

thetestvoltageforthetime-to-tracktest.

4.5Inservicemanytypesofcontaminationmaycause

trackinganderosionofdifferentmaterialstodifferentdegrees.

Thismethodrecognizestheimportanceofsuchvariabilityand

suggeststheuseofspecialtestsolutionstomeetspecific

mple,anioniccontaminantcontaining,

inaddition,acarbonaceouscomponentsuchassugarmaybe

usedtocausetrackingonveryresistantmaterialslikepolym-

ntaminationmayberepresentative

case,the

time-to-tracktechniqueisused,sincetimeisrequiredto

decomposethecontaminantsolutionandbuildupconducting

residuesonthesamplesurface.

4.6Verytrack-resistantmaterials,suchaspolymethyl-

methacrylate,mayeroderatherthantrackundermoreusual

ofthismethodfor

sion

studies,onlytestsasafunctionoftimeatconstantvoltageare

useful.

tus

5.1Asimpleschematicdiagramoftheapparatusisgivenin

saregiveninAnnex

A2.

FIG.1SchematicDiagramofApparatus