2024年5月3日发(作者：)

Ode 颂诗A complex and often lengthen lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some

lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a

season or to commemorate an event.

Ottava Rima八行体诗A form of eight line stanza. The rhyme sheme is abababcc. Don Juan by

George Gordon, Lord Bryon is written in Ottava Rima.

Oxymoron 矛盾修饰 A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms.

An oxymoron suggests a paradox, but it does so very briefly, usually in two or three words, such

“living death” “dear emery” “sweet sorrow”

Paradox 似是而非的隽语A statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be

self contradictory and untrue.

Pastoral田园诗，牧歌 A type of poem that deals in an idealized way with shepherds and rustic

life.

Pathos哀婉The quality in a work of literature or art that arouses the reader’s feelings of pity,

sorrow or compassion for a character.

Psalm 赞美诗 ，圣歌 A song or lyric poem in praise of God. The term usually refers to the one

hundred and fifty sacred lyrics in the Book of Psalms in the Bible.

Pun 双关The use of a word or phrase to suggest two or more meanings at the same time. Puns are

generously humorous.

Realism现实主义The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without

sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of

ordinary people.

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Romanticism 浪漫主义A literary movement of the late 18 and early 19 centuries. Romantic

literature generally exhibits some of these six characteristics 1/a profound love o fnature 2/a focus

on the self and the individual 3/a fascination with the supernatural, thee mysterious, the gothic 4/a

yearning for the picturesque and the exotic 5/a deep-rooted idealism 6/a passionate nationalism or

love of country.

Satire 讽刺A kind of writing that holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and

wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. The aim is to set a moral

standard for society, and they attempt to persuade the reader to see their point of view through the

force of laughter. Swift’ Gulliver’ Travels is the best satirical work.

Stanza诗节A group of lines which are set off and form a division in a poem.

Stream of consciousness 意识流The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a

character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character

experiences them.

Symbolism象征主义A writing technique of using symbols. To the symbolist poets, an emotion is

indefinite and therefore difficult to communicate. Symbolist poets tend to avoid any direct

statement of meaning. Instead, they work through emotionally powerful symbols that suggest

meaning and mood.

Wit 机智A brilliance and quickness of perception combined with a cleverness of expression.

Personification拟人A figure of speech in which something nonhuman is given human qualities.

Naturalism 自然主义An extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writers usually depict the sordid

side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment

or heredity.

Lost generation 迷惘的一代this term has used again and again to describe the people of the

postwar years. When the first world war broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in

“the war to end all wars” only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they

thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in

America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experience in the war. Among these

young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature