2023年11月25日发(作者：)

Ubuntu16.04⽆损分区⼤⼩调整⼯具Gparted

Ubuntu 16.04⽆损分区⼤⼩调整⼯具Gparted

2018年03⽉13⽇ 16:16:46 阅读数：11868更多

个⼈分类：

安装：

sudo apt-get install gparted

使⽤：

注意：

这款软件可以调整分区⼤⼩，且⽀持⽆损，但是对于/根⽬录的分区⽆法调整，但是它提供ISO⼯具，可以启动后进⾏调整。

当然，还可以使⽤Ubuntu的Live CD进去使⽤这个⼯具，完美解决。

在linux中，当我们给系统添加⼀块新硬盘时，我们是⽆法使⽤的，因为他还没有分区和格式化，只有当我们将新硬盘分区并格式化之后，挂

载在某个⽬录下，才能供我们正常使⽤，接下来我们要学习三种硬盘分区⼯具，fdisk，gdisk，parted，分别是针对于MBR分区格式，GPT

分区格式，⾼级分区⼯具（可以针对于上⾯两种进⾏分区，使⽤起来也是⽐较复杂的），关于MBR和GPT请参考

fdisk（MBR）

fdisk

-l /dev/sdX 查看硬盘分区信息

-c （centos6) 打开或禁⽤dos模式

-u (centos6) 切换显⽰的单位(扇区/柱⾯)

-c (centos7) -c=dos -c=nondos

-u (centos7) -u=cylinders -u=sectors

fdisk /dev/sdX 进⾏分区

m 帮助

n 建⽴分区

d 删除分区

p 显⽰分区信息

t 转换分区类型

a 将指定分区设置/取消 活动分区

L 查看分区类型

o 重建分区表

v 验证分区表，显⽰剩余没有被分区划分的扇区数量

g 创建GPT格式的分区（centos7)

q 退出不保存，不保存，所有的修改都不⽣效

w 退出并保存

[root@CT6 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes -------------------------硬盘⼤⼩

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders ------------------------磁头数，每磁道扇区数，柱⾯数

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes --------------------每柱⾯⼤⼩

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes ---------------扇区⼤⼩

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000 -----------------------------------------未分区磁盘

[root@CT6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb --------------------------磁盘分区

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x52ce01ab.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m ------------------------查看帮助

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

Command (m for help): l ------------------查看可⽤的分区类型

0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris

1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx

5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data

6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .

7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility

8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt

9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access

a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O

b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor

c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs

e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT

f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/

10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b

11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor

12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor

14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary

16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS

17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE

18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto

1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep

1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT

1e Hidden W95 FAT1

Command (m for help):

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:

MBR: not present

BSD: not present

APM: not present

GPT: present

Found valid GPT with corrupt MBR; using GPT and will write new

protective MBR on save.

Command (? for help):

⼀个GPT分区

Command (? for help): o

This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.

Proceed? (Y/N): y

Command (? for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 1048576000 sectors, 500.0 GiB ----------------磁盘⼤⼩，显⽰扇区数

Logical sector size: 512 bytes ---------------------------扇区⼤⼩

Disk identifier (GUID): E072194E-C4DA-449B-9CF9-E5171235E6D3

Partition table holds up to 128 entries

First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1048575966 -------------------第⼀个有⽤的扇区在34，最后⼀个有⽤的扇区在104857966

Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries

Total free space is 1048575933 sectors (500.0 GiB)

Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name

Command (? for help):

更改磁盘的类型

Command (? for help): t ------------------------------------------更改磁盘类型

Using 1

Current type is 'Linux filesystem'

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00

Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM' -------------------------更改为"Linux LVM"

Command (? for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 1048576000 sectors, 500.0 GiB

Logical sector size: 512 bytes

Disk identifier (GUID): E072194E-C4DA-449B-9CF9-E5171235E6D3

Partition table holds up to 128 entries

First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1048575966

Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries

Total free space is 838860733 sectors (400.0 GiB)

Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name

1 2048 209717247 100.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM ------------------------ 改过了

Command (? for help):

当我们查看磁盘的时候，我们⾸先要看磁盘是那种分区格式的，如果是MBR分区格式，我们最好使⽤fdisk –l，要是为GPT分区格式的硬

盘，我们就使⽤gdisk –l来查看。因为fdisk查看GPT格式的磁盘最⼤能看到2T，再多的磁盘分区就⽆法查看，还会出错。

parted(⾼级分区⼯具)

parted命令是由GNU组织开发的⼀款功能强⼤的磁盘分区和分区⼤⼩调整⼯具，与fdisk不同，它⽀持调整分区的⼤⼩。作为⼀种设计⽤于

Linux的⼯具，它没有构建成处理与fdisk关联的多种分区类型，但是，它可以处理最常见的分区格式，包括：ext2、ext3、fat16、fat32、

NTFS、ReiserFS、JFS、XFS、UFS、HFS以及Linux交换分区。

parted

-h 显⽰帮助信息

-l 显⽰磁盘信息

-s 脚本模式，不提⽰⽤户

-v 显⽰版本号

[root@CT6 ~]# parted -h

Usage: parted [OPTION]... [DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]...]...]

Apply COMMANDs with PARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s) are given, run in

interactive mode.

OPTIONs:

-h, --help displays this help message

-l, --list lists partition layout on all block devices

-m, --machine displays machine parseable output

-s, --script never prompts for user intervention

-v, --version displays the version

-a, --align=[none|cyl|min|opt] alignment for new partitions

COMMANDs:

align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt)

alignment

check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system

cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition

... ...

[root@CT6 ~]# parted -l

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 215GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 1075MB 1074MB primary ext4 boot

2 1075MB 54.8GB 53.7GB primary ext4

check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system

cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition

help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND --------------------查看命令如何使⽤

mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) ------------------设置磁盘类型

mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER

mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition -------------------------------------------磁盘分区

mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system

move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER

name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME

print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, --------------查看分区

free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition

quit exit program

rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END

resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system

rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER -----------------------------------删除分区

select DEVICE choose the device to edit

set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER

toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER

unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT

version display the version number and copyright

information of GNU Parted

(parted)

(parted) help mklabel

mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)

LABEL-TYPE is one of: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, msdos, pc98, sun, loop --------------可以设置的类型

(parted)

(parted) mklabel gpt ------------------------------设置GPT分区

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 537GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

lsblk

列出块设备

lsblk命令⽤于列出所有可⽤块设备的信息，⽽且还能显⽰他们之间的依赖关系，但是它不会列出RAM盘的信息。块设备有硬盘，闪存

盘，cd-ROM等等

如：

lsblk /dev/sdb

[root@CT6 ~]# lsblk /dev/sda

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part /

├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /app

├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part

├─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]

└─sda6 8:6 0 20G 0 part

查看内核是否已经识别新的分区：

cat /proc/partations

[root@CT6 ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor #blocks name

8 0 209715200 sda

8 1 1048576 sda1

[root@CT6 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep "^/dev/sda*"

/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 131 6658 52428800 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 6658 13185 52428800 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 13185 26109 103808000 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 13186 13708 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris

[root@CT6 ~]# lsblk /dev/sda

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part /

├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /app

├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part

├─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]

└─sda6 8:6 0 10G 0 part

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