2024年4月12日发(作者：)

高考英语上海卷

模拟试卷（二）

考生注意：

1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

第I卷（共90分）

I. Listening Comprehension （25 分）

Section A （每题1分，共10分）

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between

two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked

about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be

spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about

it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one

is the best answer to the question you have heard.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题 1 分,共 20 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make

the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a

given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for

the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.

An implant that can cool nerves to block pain signals has been unveiled

by researchers who say the device could offer an alternative to drugs

such as opioids (类鸦片活性肽).

The team behind the device say it could bring benefits for management

of acute pain such as (21)_______ experienced after amputations (截

肢)or nerve grafts.

"We are optimistic that this represents a very promising starting point

for an engineering approach (22)_______ treating pain,” said Prof John

Rogers of Northwestern University in the US, a co-author of the research.

But he cautioned that it might be some time (23) _______ they were

available to patients. "As with any implantable device, the regulatory

process can be slow, typically (24) _______ (involve) much more

extensive animal model studies over a period of years," he said.

Writing in the journal Science, the team report that the device to block

pain signals, which (25) _______(test) only on rats so far, involves a

pump, external control system and an implant made from a soft,

rubbery substance. The latter forms a sealed collection of tiny channels

which form a twisting path in the part of the implant that sits around the

target nerve like a cuff.

When liquid coolant and dry nitrogen flow through the implant, the

liquid causes a drop in temperature. An electronic sensor in the device

allows the temperature at the nerve (26) _______(keep) constant.

"All body processes are based on metabolic chemical reactions, motions

of ions and flows of fluids--all (27) _______slow down as a result of

cooling,” said Rogers. “ The net effect when cooling is applied to a nerve

is in blocking of electrical signals."

Among their experiments, the team tracked two rats with an injury,

recording over a three- week period the minimum force that (28)

_______be applied to the hind paw to cause the animal to retract (缩

回)it. This data was then compared against three rats who were similarly

injured but also had the implant. The results suggest bouts of cooling of

the injured nerve from 37℃ to 10℃led to (29) _______(severe) pain,

with a sevenfold increase in the force that could be applied to the paw.

The team say the implant’s benefits include (30)_______, in contrast to

opioids, it is not addictive. As the implant is made with water-soluble

and biocompatible materials, it can break down in the body after use.

The implant could be inserted as an extension of the patient’s initial

surgery.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the

box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word

than you need.

A. attached B. bottle-fed C. confusion D. invisible E. originally F.

orphaned G. partnering H. procedure I. reproduced J. subjects K.

unintentionally

Saving Baby Bears

Reacting to the auditory assault of barking dogs, shouts and rifle blasts, a

168-pound American black bear shot out and hightailed (迅速逃走)it

into the woods off a logging road.

His sister, weighing in at 135 pounds, took a little more time to

overcome her fear and (31) _______ before she, too, ran for the trees

and away from the humans who had driven more than 100 miles to

witness the bears’ return to the wild.

The cubs were the 106th and 107th (32) _______ or injured bears to be

raised or treated at the Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS)

Wildlife Center in Washington state, then released months later in the

same general area where they were (33) _______found. Fitted with GPS

collars and tattooed with identification numbers on their gums, the

bears are also among the latest (34) _______of a long-term research

study being conducted by Rich Beausoleil and Lindsay Welfelt, both

biologists and bear and cougar specialists.

The siblings were only two weeks old when a forest worker and his dog

(35) _______ disturbed their den in February 2020, scaring away their

mother. She never returned.

The worker contacted the WDFW, an agency (36) _______with PAWS to

rehabilitate sick, injured wild animals before releasing them back into

their natural habitats.

"Their eyes and ears weren't open, and their teeth hadn't even

erupted,Jennifer Convy, PAWS senior director of wildlife, said of the

cubs, which each weighed less than 2 pounds when they arrived and

were the youngest ever to be raised at the center.

Though (37) _______at first, the cubs weren't cuddled. Instead, their

caregivers wore bear- scented bear suits during feedings once the cubs'

eyes had opened. At PAWS, the staff and volunteers take pains to be

(38)_______to all the animals in their care.

"They don't see us, ever. We don't talk to them. We don't name the

animals because we don't want our staff or volunteers to get (39)

_______，“ Convy said. After more than a year, the bear siblings were

released.

The wildlife biologists are studying how the bears raised at PAWS fare

after their release, compared to their wild-reared brethren. One cub

released in 2017 had her first litter of cubs in January.

"We've been to her den several times." Beausoleil said. "She (40)

_______ and had cubs of her own ... This was kind of a turning point for

us."

After all, the whole point of PAWS' rehabilitation "is to protect and

perpetuate (使持续) the species," he said.

III. Reading Comprehension (45 分)

Section A (每题1分，共15分)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words

or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or

phrase that best fits the context.

The Other da Vinci Code

For centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo da

Vinci's "Mona Lisa" were "Who " and "When ”A(n) (41) _______made at

Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note

written in a manuscript in the library (42) _______the account of da

Vinci's first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchanfs

wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to

between 1503 and 1506.

A(n) (43)_______ mystery-"Where "- is still in dispute. But on June 3rd a

French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had

(44) _______the landscape in the background of the painting.

Arguments had (45)_______ been made for stretches of countryside in

the Marche region and between Milan and Genoa. During a presentation

in Vinci, near Florence, Mr Cotte maintained that the artist was more

plausibly depicting a part of his native Tuscany 一 one that keenly

interested him at the time. According to this theory, da Vinci

represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he

(46) _______ it to be.

Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the "Mona Lisa" hangs)

to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the

multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the drawing

below the (47) _______of an oil painting, but also, where they exist,

intermediate layers of work. It was among these, under what appears to

be a pointed rock, that he found a(n) (48) _______sketch showing that

da Vinci meant it to represent a castellated tower.

The landscape of the "Mona Lisa" also includes a huge overhanging cliff.

That is (49)_______ to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress

(堡垒)contested by Pisa and Florence in the war that flared between

them in 1503 (around the time he was painting Gherardini). The

(50)_______ with the nearby cliff ——and a tower, known as the

Caprona tower 一 all overlook the river Amo as it snakes from Florence

to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a

plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “(51) _______”.

This involved diverting the Amo to (52) _______Pisa's water supply and

give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with

the two citystates at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr

Cotte argues that a(n) (53) _______ winding through desolate

countryside at the right of the "Mona Lisa" is too wide to be a road, as

some have speculated, and is(54) _______the driedup bed of the Amo as

da Vinci envisaged (设 想)it once his plan had been adopted.

It never was. But if Mr Cotte's theory is right, it might just explain why

Gherardini, a Florentine, exhibits such a contented, if mysterious, (55)

_______。

41. A. experiment B. account C. sketch D. discovery

42. A. challenged B. confirmed C. publicized D. summarised

43. A. inclusive B. geological C. third D. initial

44. A. identified B. appreciated C. theorised D. illustrated

45. A. consequently B. eventually C. intentionally D. previously

46. A. intended B. recognised C. denied D. suspected

47. A. portrait B. canvas C. surface D. theme

48. A. damaged B. preparatory C. valuable D. digital

49. A. similar B. accessible C. contrary D. restricted

50. A. model B. fortress C. cities D. masterpiece

51. A. informative B. concerned C. obsessive D. skillful

52. A. make up for B. maintain C. clear up D. cut off

53. A. outlet B. channel C. current D. landscape

54. A. instead B. meanwhile C. in turn D. above all

55. A. costume B. mood C. appeal D. smile

Section B (每题2分，共22分)

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed

by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there

are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best

according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

At 67, Joyce Faulkner thought she was looking for a holiday. Her

husband, Jim, had recently died and exploring possible house swaps (交

换)on the Home Exchange website felt soothing. In the end, it was not a

vacation Faulkner found but a job. She left her home in South

Queensferry to become mother's help to seven-year-old twins in the

northern Italian town of Varese. Now she is known as "La Joyce".

"Really, when I think of it, it's halfway crazy," she says. A house swap she

was interested in didn't work out, but the owner, Rachele, asked: "Do

you know anyone who might help me with the children ”, Faulkner

wrote back and said, "I could do that!"

Two months later, Faulkner was on her way to Bergamo airport. When

she reached the square in Varese, "the dad, Andrea, was walking

towards me with the children hiding behind his legs, kind of shy, thinking:

"Who is this woman in a long black coat ' I don't think it was quite Mary

Poppins, but the atmosphere was immediately warm and friendly.

Eighteen months on, Faulkner's job no longer feels like a job. "I just feel

like part of the family.” They joke: "You think you’re going back to

Scotland No, you're staying here!" She gives English lessons, helps with

the housework, meets the children from school and plays chess with

them. “It never feels like work.” she says. "It has been absolutely the

perfect match.”

Even the sight of trucks taking bodies away from the hospital in Bergamo

during the early stage of the pandemic didn't put her off. "You have to

take the opportunity when it presents itself."

Faulkner says she learned this philosophy from Jim. When they met at a

teachers’ conference, they had each previously been married.

"I fell in love with Jim the minute I saw Faulkner says. "But I was a bit

hesitant. He said: 'Supposing we only get six months out of this

relationship That's six months worth having.’ I thought: 'What a great

attitude to life. We were together from 1983 to 2019."

Thirty-six years, then.

In a funny way, it was Jim who led Faulkner to Italy, because after he

died, she arranged five holidays on Home Exchange. Mostly these were

places she had been with Jim. "I think I was planning in my head, without

consciously doing it, a kind of farewell tour," she says.

Faulkner is not ready to leave Italy. She says, "I'll be 70 in January. That

looks like a big number when you write it down, but in my head, Tm 30.

You think: "Really Seventy How can that be ' I still feel the same person, I

have the same enthusiasm for life, the same interest in people and

things. In that sense, I wish I had another 70."

er went to the Italian town of Varese in order to________.

as a babysitter for a family

e the Home Exchange website

a holiday in memory of Jim

the stepmother of the twins

of the following is true about Faulkner's stay in Italy

mysterious mother in black alerted her.

tragic sight of the pandemic scared her.

didn't expect so many chores initially.

integrated into the family harmoniously.

did Jim's philosophy affect Faulkner

was persuaded to think twice before their marriage.

a chance whenever it emerges despite uncertainty.

is no need to fear death as it is temporary farewell.

ment without bearing any fruit is a waste of time.

is the passage mainly about

g new home abroad. B. Recovery from sorrow.

C. A new start after 67. D Farewell to Jim

（B）

BioLite Camp Stove Illuminated

The main objective of the BioLite Camp Stove and updated CampStove 2

is to bum fuel more efficiently. Most small campfires can't draw in

enough air to completely combust their fuel. This is why they produce

smoke 一 tiny particles of carbon that are carried off by the rising hot

air before they can be burned. Some wood burning stoves use clever

convection （对 流）tricks to pull more air, but they still smoke while the

stove warms up. The BioLite has an electrically powered fan that drives

air into the bottom of the combustion chamber, which ensures hotter

temperatures, less fuel use and a cleaner cooking environment. The

electricity comes from a device called a thermoelectric generator. This

uses the temperature difference between two sides of a special silicon

wafer （硅 片）to generate an electrical charge. Once the fan is spinning

fast enough, any excess electricity generated is diverted to a USB port

fbr external charging.

underlined word "combust" is closest in meaning to .

sate B. oxidize C. ventilate D. bum

is the probable function of BioLite Camp Stove

te illumination or fanning to cool down.

ng your phone while boiling the kettle.

ting electricity into heat to keep warm.

g cleanly by recycled electrical power..

are the four labels that best match the four numbers from ①

to ④？

A.① Heat pipe—>②Combustion chamber—> ③Thermoelectric

generator—>④ Power regulator

B.① Thermoelectric generator—> ② Ventilation hood—> ③ Electrical

generator—> ④ USB port

C.① Heat generator—> ②Smoke filter—> ③ Thermal energy