2024年4月22日发(作者：)
Calibration Development Using Climatic Chamber
通过环境仓完成系统标定
Traditional calibration process uses territory vehicle trips to calibrate various engine and
vehicle functions. The goal is to expose the energy management system (EMS) to extreme
temperature and environment. This ensures the system will operate appropriately under
stressed conditions. The vehicle test trips often compose of hot, cold, and altitude conditions.
Because the test trips are sensitive to suitable weather conditions, using climatic chambers
for extreme temperature testing has been used to supplement calibration process when
seasonal constraints and production timing do not line up. In order to meet the F-series Euro
II SOP in July, the process is to use exclusively climatic chamber for calibration and
validation instead of territory test trips.
要标定全面的引擎和汽车性能参数,传统的方法是通过驾驶被测车辆进行一次道路三高
试验来完成测试.目的是为了把汽车的发动机管理系统暴露在极端条件下(温度和环境).
这保证了所有的系统在比较恶劣的环境下能够正常有效的运行.而这样的旅行常常包含
高温,低温,高海拔条件.由于这样的旅行测试对气候条件非常敏感,因此当标定工作被季
节或者产品开发时间所限制的时候,我们把环境仓测试当作普通标定过程的一种补充形
式.为了达到7月份F 系列发动机 欧II排放的标准,这次标定完全由环境仓来代替传统
的自然环境标定过程.
While territory test trips have certain benefits such as lower cost and expose vehicles to
greater range of conditions, there are benefits to using climatic chamber. The benefits are:
和传统旅行标定方式拥有低成本,参数广泛全面等优点一样,环境仓标定方法也有自己的
好处:
1) Controllability 可控性
It is easier to adjust the temperature/barometric pressure to the exact condition
that is not always possible in actual vehicle test trip. In test trips, you are at the
mercy of the weather conditions. Sometimes it may not be at the extreme
conditions you are looking for.
能够精确调节大气压力和温度,并且还能模拟一些自然中不太可能存在的天
气状况.传统测试过程往往受自然气候条件的限制,而且有些时候寻找一些理
想的极端天气状况会非常困难.
2) Repeatability 可重复性
For calibration, repeatable environment is critical to resolve issues. Being able to
set up the chamber to the exact condition removes the ambiguity from day-to-day
differences in weather conditions.
在标定工作中,对解决问题来说,可重复性的环境参数非常重要.通过环境仓,我
们可以把每次测试都保证在一个精确的模拟天气条件下,这样消除了自然环
境下每天测试天气参数无法完全相同的问题.
3) Speed 迅速的
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Since the climatic chamber is located on site near the engineering center, there is
a greater support staff on site to help with any development problem. This is
contrary to territory trip where the team must bring everything they need on the
trip. Any uncompleted tasks during a territory test trip will need to be repeated
later if the weather does cooperate.
由于环境仓位于工程开发中心的旁边,当我们遇到任何问题时,都能够从工程
师或技术人员那里获得迅速而及时有效的技术支持或帮助.而传统旅行标定
往往一开始就需要把所有的技术团队和工具都带在身边,并且任何由于天气
状况不符合测试要求而造成的任务未完成都需要整个标定工作重新开始.
For the above reasons, climatic chambers have been used as part of the calibration process.
基于以上原因,环境仓被作为整个标定过程的一部分.
Engine and vehicle calibrations are not an exact science due to the complex nature of the
powertrain, vehicle, and legal interactions. The goal of the calibration process is to find
optimal points of the system to meet functional requirements, robustness assurance, and
government regulations. The calibration engineers often make trade off to satisfy all three
criteria. The decision process is based on knowledge and experience.
由于动力系统,汽车与法律的相互干涉和交互作用,发动机和汽车的标定无法成为一门精
确的科学.因此标定工作就是为了在系统中寻求一个最优点,能使产品能够满足功能需求,
鲁棒性保证和政府相关法规的要求.标定工程师们常常设法同时满足这三个要求.而得出
结论的过程是同时基于知识和经验..The following sections are not meant to be an all
encompassing description of the climatic calibration procedure but an overview the
calibration tasks using climatic chambers.
以下的章节将给大家总体介绍一下使用环境仓的标定过程,而不是一个完整,详细的环境
标定过程的描述.
1) Cold start and drive testing 冷车启动和驾驶测试
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
环境仓测试
道路三高试验
Soak the vehicle in outside Set the desired temperature of
Start Time 启动时间
temperature at least 8 hours. the chamber.
将被测车辆放置户外至少8小将环境仓设置到需要温度
(measure time from
ignition key crank to 1000 Soak for at least 8 hours.
时
rpm)测量从点火开始到发动
Measure ambient temperature
放置被测车辆于环境仓内8小
机达到1000rpm的时间 测量环境温度 时
Perform vehicle starts. Perform vehicle starts.
启动被测车辆 启动被测车辆
Measure start time. Measure start time.
测量启动时间 测量启动时间
Soak car for pre-determined Set the desired temperature of
Driveaway 驾驶过程
hours at outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
把底盘转毂设置到预定温度
(Evaluate drivability of the
让被测车辆处于室外温度状态
vehicle during the drive Soak car for at pre-determined
下预定的时间
away.) 在驾驶过程中评估
Measure ambient temperature.
duration.
让被测车辆运行预定时间
被测车辆的驾驶性能 测量周围温度
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After vehicle starts. Perform After vehicle starts. Perform
various drive away actions. various drive away actions.
在被测车辆启动之后,采用不同在被测车辆启动之后,采用不同
的驾驶方式. 的驾驶方式.
Evaluate drivability of the Evaluate drivability of the
vehicle during the drive away. vehicle during the drive away.
在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾
驶性. 驶性.
Soak car for pre-determined Set the desired temperature of
hours at outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
让被测车辆处于室外温度状态把底盘转毂设置到预定温度
Soak car for at pre-determined
下预定的时间
Measure ambient temperature.
duration.
让被测车辆运行预定时间
测量周围温度
After vehicle starts. Capture
After vehicle starts. Capture
engine speed during idle.
engine speed during idle.
当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态
当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态
下测取发动机转速.
下测取发动机转速.
Evaluate idle quality.
Evaluate idle quality.
评估怠速质量
评估怠速质量
Fill tank with 93 RON Fuel. Fill tank with 93 RON Fuel.
加满93号汽油 加满93号汽油
Evaluate start and idle quality Evaluate start and idle quality
using above procedures. using above procedures.
通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速
质量 质量
Idle 怠速
(Evaluate the idle quality)
评估怠速质量
WORST CASE LIMIT
FUELS ROBUSTNESS
最坏情况限制
燃油鲁棒性
(Use different quality of
fuel)
采用不同品质的燃油
2) Hot start & drive testing 热车启动和驾驶测试
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
环境仓测试
道路三高试验
Start Time
Soak the vehicle in outside Set the desired temperature of
temperature at least 4 hours the chamber.
启动时间
during the right period of the
将环境仓温度设置到需要的刻
(measure time from
day.
ignition key crank to 1000
度.
挑选比较符合测试条件的日期,
Soak for at least 4 hours.
rpm) 测量从点火开始到发
动机达到1000rpm的时间
将被测车辆放置于户外温度环
将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时
境中4小时以上
以上
Measure ambient temperature
Measure start time.
测试周围温度
测试启动时间
Measure start time.
测试启动时间
Driveaway
Soak car for at least 4 hours at Set the desired temperature of
outside temperature during the the chassis roll chamber.
驾驶测试
把底盘转毂设置到预定温度
(Evaluate drivability of the
right period of the day.
挑选比较符合测试条件的日期,
Soak car for at least 4 hours. vehicle during the drive
away.)
将被测车辆放置于户外温度环将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时
在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆
境中4小时以上 以上
的驾驶性能
Measure ambient temperature. After vehicle starts. Perform
various drive away actions.
测试周围温度
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在被测车辆启动之后,采用不同
After vehicle starts. Perform
的驾驶方式.
various drive away actions.
Evaluate drivability of the
在被测车辆启动之后,采用不同
vehicle during the drive away.
的驾驶方式.
在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾
Evaluate drivability of the
驶性.
vehicle during the drive away.
在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾
驶性.
Soak car for at least 4 hours at Set the desired temperature of
outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
将被测车辆放置于户外温度环把底盘转毂设置到预定温度
Soak car for at least 4 hours.
境中4小时以上
Measure ambient temperature.
将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时
测试周围温度 以上
After vehicle starts. Capture After vehicle starts. Capture
engine speed during idle. engine speed during idle.
当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态
下测取发动机转速. 下测取发动机转速.
Evaluate idle quality. Evaluate idle quality.
评估怠速质量 评估怠速质量
Fill tank with 93 RON Fuel. Fill tank with 93 RON Fuel.
加满93号汽油 加满93号汽油
Evaluate start and idle quality Evaluate start and idle quality
using above procedures. using above procedures.
通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速
质量 质量
Idle 怠速测试
(Evaluate the idle quality)
评估怠速质量
WORST CASE LIMIT
FUELS ROBUSTNESS
最坏情况限制
燃油鲁棒性测试
(Use different quality of
fuel)
采用不同品质的燃油
3) Hot fuel Handling 热燃油处理
The goal of the hot fuel handling test is to evaluate the accuracy of the model in the strategy to
compensate for the effect of hot injector. Typically, during a hot soak with engine off, the injector tip
becomes hotter as fuel flow stop and less air flow to cool the injector. During this engine-off period,
with lower fuel pressure, and hotter injector, the chance for fuel vapour is much greater, especially for
returnless fuel system which can cause lean fuel if not compensated by the strategy.
热燃油处理测试是为了评估热喷油嘴效果补偿模型的精确度. 典型的情况是,当发动机在高温状态下停止
以后, 由于燃油流动的停止,没有新鲜的空气进来冷却喷油嘴,喷油嘴顶部温度会升高.在这个期间,油压降
低,喷油嘴高温,产生燃油蒸汽的可能性大大增加,特别是没有燃油回收系统的发动机,如果没有这类的补
偿策略,便更会出现稀燃油的情况.
The following tests are to verify that the system accounts for fuel vaporization in the fuel rail and does
not cause failure to start or lean excursions.
以下的测试目的是证实这个系统解决了油轨中燃油蒸汽的问题,并不会导致车辆启动失败或过稀
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
环境仓测试
道路三高试验
Start Time
Soak the vehicle in outside Set the desired temperature of
temperature at least 4 hours the chamber.
启动时间
during the right period of the
将环境仓温度设置到需要的刻
(measure time from
day.
ignition key crank to 1000
度.
挑选比较符合测试条件的日期,
rpm)
Soak for at least 4 hours.
测量从点火开始到发动机达将被测车辆放置于户外温度环
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到1000rpm的时间 境中4小时以上 将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时
Measure ambient temperature
以上
测量周围温度
Measure start time.
Measure start time.
测量启动时间
测量启动时间
Soak car for at least 4 hours at Set the desired temperature of
outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
将被测车辆放置于户外温度环把底盘转毂设置到预定温度
Soak car for at least 4 hours.
境中4小时以上
Measure ambient temperature.
将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时
测量周围温度 以上
After vehicle starts. Capture After vehicle starts. Capture
engine speed during idle. engine speed during idle.
当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态当被测车辆启动后, 在怠速状态
下测取发动机转速. 下测取发动机转速.
Evaluate idle quality. Evaluate idle quality.
评估怠速质量 评估怠速质量
Idle
怠速测试
(Evaluate the idle quality)
评估怠速质量.
Drivability is evaluated for different hot fuelling scenario, primarily, through different hot-soak times
and driving profile. For detail on drivability test, please see the tab “Manual Drivability” in the
calibration sign-off document for list of different driving conditions at the end of the document.
驾驶性能常常由不同的热油情况,特别是通过不同的热浸时间和驾驶风格来评估..为了获得更多关于驾驶
性能测试的细节,请阅读在本文档最后,不同驾驶情况列表的标定签发文档”手动驾驶性能’表格
Drivability Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
驾驶性能 环境仓测试
道路三高试验
Short drive/Variable
Drive the vehicle at desired Drive the vehicle at desired
soaks
outside temperature (hot trip) chassis roll chamber
to heat up the engine. temperature to heat up the
短途驾驶/不同的浸泡
在要求的户外温度下(高温旅途)
engine.
(Evaluate take-away with
在要求的底盘转毂温度下驾驶
different hot-soak)
驾驶车辆,加热发动机.
评估短途驾驶性能通过不同
Turn-off engine and allow
被测车辆,加热发动机
vehicle to hot-soak for at least Turn-off engine and allow
程度的热浸.
pre-defined time. vehicle to hot-soak for at least
关掉发动机,让被测车辆热浸预
pre-defined time.
关掉发动机,让被测车辆热浸预
计时间或以上.
计时间或以上.
Record ambient temperature
and hot-soak time. Record chamber temperature
and hot-soak time.
纪录周围时间和热浸时间
纪录环境仓时间和热浸时间
Perform various take-away
and short drives. Perform various take-away
多次启动和短途驾驶被测车辆
and short drives.
多次启动和短途驾驶被测车辆
Evaluate drivability for
acceptance. Evaluate drivability for
acceptance.
评估可接受的驾驶性能
评估可接受的驾驶性能
City Drive Cycle
Drive the vehicle using Drive the vehicle using
predefined “city drive cycle” on predefined “city drive cycle” in
城市驾驶循环测试
the road (typically during hot the chassis roll chamber at the
(The city drive cycle
trip). desired temperature
represents a lot of stop &
simulating a hot trip.
采用:”城市驾驶循环”方式驾驶
go drive profile that tends
to heat up the engine and
被测车辆(特别是在高温环境中)
在模拟高温驾驶条件,并且设定
induced hot injector tips)
好需要温度的底盘转毂上采用”
Evaluate drivability for
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城市驾驶循环测试采用多次
acceptance.
城市驾驶循环”方式驾驶车辆
Evaluate drivability for
停车&启动驾驶方式,从而达
评估可接受的驾驶性能
acceptance.
到加热发动机和促使喷油嘴
评估可接受的驾驶性能
口产生高温.
4) Canister Purge 碳罐净化
Canister purge system is used to capture generated fuel vapour inside the fuel tank in a carbon
canister. Through the control of vapour management valve, the fuel vapour captured in the carbon
canister can be empty back into the fuel charging assembly. The calculation of the purged fuel into
the fuel system needs to be properly calculated to ensure the engine operates at the proper
stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Improper compensation can cause either too lean or too rich fuel
operations. The worst case scenario is during hot test where vaporization of the fuel is more likely.
碳罐净化系统的作用是通过碳罐捕获油箱内产生的燃油蒸汽.通过对蒸汽管理阀门的控制,被碳罐捕获的
燃油蒸汽能返回到喷油总成中去.为了使发动机工作在合适的空燃比状态下,被净化的燃油量应该被精确
计算.不适当的回油补偿会造成燃油混合物过稀或过浓.最坏的情况会发生在容易产生燃油蒸汽的高温测
试中.
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
道路试验 环境舱试验
Evaluate
N.A. 1. Set the desired temperature of
effectiveness of
the chamber to 35C or above.
canister purge
While testing of the canister
设置期望温度到35度或以上。
purge can be done on hot
评估碳罐控制的有
2. Drained and filled tank with 93
trip. Chamber environment
RON fuel to 75% of full tank.
效性
is preferred due to the
把油箱的油放干然后加如75%容积的93
controllability and
号油。
repeatability of the
3. Activate purge strategy but
environments required.
disable vapour management
虽然碳罐控制能在夏季试
valve to generate desired
验，可最好用环境舱试验由
vapour in canister.
于环境条件的可控制性和可
激活碳罐清洁策樾但是要让蒸汽控制阀
重复性。
失去功能，目的是让碳罐里期望的蒸气
产生。
4. Establish different air mass
point from idle to WOT that is
achievable with closed loop
operation.
在闭环操作下可以达到的怠速到节气们
全开建立不同的进气量。
5. Enable purge control to release
fuel back into the system
确保净化控制能把油释放回系统。
6. Monitor LAMBSE to ensure the
closed loop fuel control keeps
air/fuel ratio at 1.
监控空燃比确保在闭环控制下保持在1。
7. Repeat steps 3-6 with different
air mass test points.
重复3到6步骤在不同的空气量点。
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5) AC & Cooling
Check to ensure good AC and cooling operation at elevated temperatures.
检查和确保好的空调和冷却运行在提高的温度下。
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
AC & Cooling
Soak the vehicle in outside Set the desired temperature of
temperature at least 4 hours the chassis chamber.
空调和冷却
during the right period of the
设定期望的台架舱温度
day (hot trip).
把车放在室外温度下至少4个
Soak for at least 4 hours.
小时在夏季试验适当的时间周把车放在里面最少4个小时。
Check for correct AC and fan
期
Measure ambient temperature
operations during idle.
检查正确的空调和风扇的运转
测量环境温度
在怠速下
Check for correct AC and fan
operations during idle.
Check for correct AC and fan
检查正确的空调和风扇的运转
operations during drive.
在怠速下
检查正确的空调和风扇运转在
Check for correct AC and fan
正常驾驶下。
operations during drive.
检查正确的空调和风扇运转在
正常驾驶下。
6) Altitude
Altitude testing is normally performed at mountainous locations with different level of barometric
pressure to assess if the PCM infers the BP correctly for optimal engine operations. With different
inferred barometric pressure, the strategy will accommodate for different air density to achieve the
optimal stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.
高原试验是正常在高山上不同大气压力条件下执行来评估是不是控制系统正确地推断大气压力为最优化
的发动机运行。在不同的推断压力下，控制策樾可以和不同的空气密度适应而达到最优化的空燃比。
For altitude testing, Visteon will be using an enclosed chassis roll chamber that is able to simulate
environment up to 12,000 feet (or almost 4,000 meters). The following tests will be repeated for each
specified altitude.
伟世通将使用一个封闭的底盘台架室它可以模拟环境到4000米高度。以下试验会重复针对每个规定的
海拔高度.
Territory Test Trip Chamber Test
Start Time
Soak the vehicle in outside Set the desired temperature of
temperature at least 8 hours. the chamber.
(measure time from
车在室外温度下放置至少8小设定环境舱期望的温度
ignition key crank to 1000
Soak for at least 8 hours.
时。
rpm)
Measure ambient temperature
放置8小时
启动时间
Perform vehicle starts.
测量环境温度
（测量时间从点火到1000
启动汽车
Perform vehicle starts.
转）
Measure start time.
启动汽车
测量启动时间
Measure start time.
测量启动时间。
Drive away
Soak car for pre-determined Set the desired temperature of
hours at outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
(Evaluate drivability of the
车在室外温度下放置预先决定设定期望的底盘转轱环境舱温
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vehicle during the drive
away.)
行驶
评估驾驶性
的时间 度
Measure ambient temperature. Soak car for at pre-determined
duration.
测量环境温度
车放置预先决定的周期
After vehicle starts. Perform After vehicle starts. Perform
various drive away actions. various drive away actions.
启动车后，执行在不同的驾驶启动车后，执行在不同的驾驶
动作。 动作
Evaluate drivability of the Evaluate drivability of the
vehicle during the drive away. vehicle during the drive away.
评价正常驾驶条件下的驾驶性 评价正常驾驶条件下的驾驶性
Soak car for pre-determined Set the desired temperature of
hours at outside temperature. the chassis roll chamber.
车在室外温度下放置预先决定设定期望的底盘转轱环境舱温
的小时 度
Soak car for at pre-determined
Measure ambient temperature. duration.
测量环境温度 车放置预先决定的周期
After vehicle starts. Capture After vehicle starts. Capture
engine speed during idle. engine speed during idle.
启动车后，获取发动机速度在启动车后，获取发动机速度在
怠速度期间。 怠速度期间
Evaluate idle quality. Evaluate idle quality.
评估怠速质量 评估怠速质量
Idle
(Evaluate the idle quality)
怠速
In summary, the goal of using climatic chamber is to replicate the same conditions as
experienced in a territory vehicle test trips. The procedures used in both situations are nearly
identical. The key differences are that climatic chamber conditions are more précised and
controllable as compared to the territory test conditions. In the end, the calibration team will
use the exact calibration sign-off document for validating the EMS in either case. The
calibration sign-off document embedded in the link below.
总的说来，用老化温度舱的目的是复制和道路三高试验同样的条件。在这两种情形几
乎一样的。关键的不同是用老化环境舱更精确和可控制一些。最后，总的说来，用老
化温度舱的目的是复制和道路三高试验同样的条件。在这两种情形几乎一样的。关键
的不同是用老化环境舱更精确和可控制一些。最后，无论哪种情况,标定团队都会用确
实的标定发布文件来验证电喷系统.。标定发布文件见附件
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