2024年5月31日发(作者：)
2023年上海市虹口区高三二模英语试卷
2023.4
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸
上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end
of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read
the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard.
1. A. Boring. B. Special.
C. Delicious. D. Traditional.
2. A. £12. B. £24. C. £6. D. £8.4.
3. A. He didn’t work last week. B. He managed to avoid being fined.
C. He was fined. D. He is always a careful bike rider.
4. A. It took the man a long time to arrive.
B. The traffic was not busy that morning.
C. A traffic accident happened on the man’s way here.
D. The man needn’t go to work on Monday morning.
5. A. She makes efforts to organize the party. B. She is going to be late for the party.
C. She designs the dress with care. D. She is eager to attend the party.
6. A. The concert is very popular.
B. The woman has to finish her work first.
C. The woman shouldn’t go to the concert.
D. He doesn’t believe the woman has the concert ticket.
7. A. The battery needs charging. B. It is nowhere to be found.
C. The battery is positioned incorrectly. D. It is the wrong remote control.
8. A. His project had to be suspended. B. His project was successful.
C. He failed to get enough land for his project. D. He was unable to get enough funding.
9. A. He has little passion for English lessons. B. He has made great progress in English.
C. He is uninterested in English songs. D. He is a major of music.
10. A. Mr. Long’s briefing was unnecessarily lengthy.
B. Mr. Long’s briefing was not relevant to the mission.
C. The woman should have been more attentive.
D. The woman needn’t have attended the briefing.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you
will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the
conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a
question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best
answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Most foods can’t be freeze-dried. B. They don’t know how to do it.
C. They don’t have proper equipment. D. This process is time-consuming.
12. A. They are very light in weight. B. They take up little space to store.
C. They don’t keep much nutrition. D. They don’t taste as good as before.
13. A. How to produce freeze-dried foods. B. Why people like freeze-dried foods.
C. Advantages of freeze-dried foods. D. Features of freeze-dried foods.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. $31. B. $71.
C. $1000. D. $4000.
15. A. She learns how to entertain others. B. She finds a person to chat with.
C. She needn’t dine alone. D. She feels relaxed.
16. A. A traditional Japanese man. B. An unusual job.
C. The outlook of rental service. D. The advantage of doing nothing.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. They have put up their house for sale.
B. They have paid several visits to Spain.
C. They have informed her of their decision.
D. They have hinted at the plans several times.
18. A. She hopes to return to her hometown.
B. She is tired of the fast pace of city life.
C. She has been longing to live in a bigger town.
D. She has always wanted to learn a new language.
19. A. It is quite familiar to them.
B. It is a small but fast-paced town.
C. It is an ideal place to learn Spanish.
D. It is much different from where they are living.
20. A. Take over the family business.
B. Move to Spain with her parents.
C. Assist her parents with the move.
D. Pack the luggage for her parents.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why we should record travel moments
Throughout my travels, I have come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started collecting sound
recordings as an unusual and artistic way to help me remember some of
the most stimulating
details
of my trips. I’ve found that (21) _________ (listen) back to these recordings, I’m able to recall each
place and moment in a different way than I can by scrolling through images. It turns out that this
may be (22) _________ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses.
According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our
brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it (23) _________ our senses,
encoding it and storing it – much like a computer. When we receive information and encode it, it is
fairly short-term in nature; but when (24) _________ (store), it becomes long-term memory. The
information we receive and process with our ears (25) _________ (call) echoic memory (回声记
忆). “Think of the brain as a space and time machine. It allows us (26) _________ (transport)
ourselves back and forward in time, across spaces,” Giordano said. “Echoic memory is exactly as
the name would imply: it is, in fact, an echo of something that (27) _________ (occur).”
According to a study at the University of Iowa named In one ear and out the other, a group of
students participated in two experiments in (28) _________ they listened to sounds, looked at
images and held objects. In the first experiment, students were asked to recall (29) _________
various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time. In the second, they
were asked to recall the sounds, images and objects after an hour, a day and then a week. In (30)
_________ of the instances, students’ recollection of sound was far worse than their visual
memories, and the longer the time passed by, the greater the gap became.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only
once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
D. facilitated E. generated F. massive
A. astronomical B. awe C. enduring
G. pointing H. primitive I. represented J. spirit K. isolation
Stonehenge
Stonehenge in southern England ranks the world’s most symbolic archaeological (考古的)
sites and one of its greatest mysteries. The huge stone circle on Salisbury Plain inspires 31
and fascination—but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built by ancient Britons
who left no written record.
The monument’s mysterious past has 32 countless tales and theories. According to
folklore, Stonehenge was created by Merlin, who magically transported the 33 stones from
Ireland, where giants had put them up. Another legend says the armies from Denmark put the
stones up, and another theory says they were the ruins of a Roman temple.
Modern debate over the monument’s meaning has two main camps: those who see it as a
religious site, and others who believe it represents a scientific observatory and also a kind of 34
computer used for working out dates. Both camps base their theories on the site’s 35
influence. The position of the stones 36 to the sun and moon is taken as evidence of rituals
linked to the changing seasons and the summer and winter solstices (冬至和夏至).
Competing to solve the 37 prehistoric puzzle is Sheffield University’s Mike Parker
Pearson, co-leader of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, which is partly funded by the National
Geographic Society. Discoveries by the project team supported the claim that Stonehenge was a
center for religious activities linked by the River Avon and two ceremonial avenues to a matching
wooden circle at nearby Durrington Walls. The two circles with their temporary and permanent
structures 38 , respectively, the living and the dead, according to Parker Pearson.
“Stonehenge isn’t a monument in 39 ,” he says. “It is actually one of a pair—one in
stone, one in wood. The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of 40 home to the ancestors.”
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,
C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Food-delivery firms are coming of age. Among teens and millennials, ordering food online is
as 41 a habit as booking a room online. Just how 42 consumers are is clear from
financial documents by DoorDash, America’s biggest food-delivery company. From January to
September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198% year on year.
The majority of America’s 700,000 or so eateries now 43 by means of a delivery app.
Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is
44 time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models.
Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when in Europe and
Grubhub in America put menus 45 . Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the
middlemen were reliably profitable. 46 , the new “third-party logistics” firms like DoorDash
and Uber Eats have to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways. Once drivers and
restaurants take their 47 , not much is left.
Until recently none of these startup firms made 48 , even in emerging markets where
labour costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several
competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners 49 discounts—and bleeding
red ink in the process. They also faced the prospect of a sharp 50 in labour costs, as California
passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.
51 , the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating
cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins. The company
sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy, connecting merchants, customers and
riders; the word “platform” arose 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering groceries and
convenience-store items and selling last-mile 52 to other companies. Looking ahead, high
unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labour.
Other facts are 53 to swallow. DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are
going back to work after the virus declined. The share prices of many listed digital firms that
benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers 54 on the news of an effective
vaccine (疫苗). And despite their critics’ defeat in California, gig firms (招临工的公司) will
continue to face accusations of 55 their workers. In this respect, DoorDash has already joined
the club of listed tech platforms.
41. A. established
42. A. aim-oriented
43. A. collect
44. A. friendly to
45. A. outside
46. A. By contrast
47. A. edge
48. A. money
49. A. trade
50. A. break
51. A. Moreover
52. A. advertising
53. A. harder
54. A. doubled
55. A. taking advantage of
B. cautious
B. addicted
B. relay
B. experienced in
B. right
B. For instance
B. role
B. calls
B. generous
B. division
B. Therefore
B. delivery
B. quicker
B. last
B. going along with
C. curious
C. excited
C. forecast
C. short of
C. online
C. To sum up
C. cut
C. complaints
C. mean
C. blow
C. However
C. insurance
C. easier
C. mounted
C. looking out for
D. annoying
D. well-informed
D. distribute
D. responsible for
D. free
D. In turn
D. price
D. movement
D. cash
D. rise
D. Consequently
D. productivity
D. slower
D. fell
D. putting up with
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: He knew everything. This was our
relationship, in sum: I asked him questions and he told me the answers. When I moved out on my
own, I called him at least once a week, usually when something broke in my apartment and I needed
to know how to fix it: the toilet, the air-conditioning…
But then, eventually, I needed him less. I got married, and my husband had most of the
knowledge I lacked about water heaters and nondestructive insect removal. For everything else, we
had the Internet. I don’t know when it happened, but our conversations when I called declined to
six words. Me: “Hi, Dad.” Him: “Hi, sweets. Here’s Mom.” I loved my dad, of course, but I
wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know.
Then, this past summer, my husband, our four kids, and I moved in with my parents for three
weeks while our house was being repaired. They own a lake house, and Dad asked me to help him
rebuild the bulkhead at their dock (码头的舱壁). It was hard labor. But as we put the new bulkhead
together piece by piece, my dad knowing exactly what went where, I looked at him. “How do you
know how to build a bulkhead?”
The heavy mallet (木槌) he was swinging paused in midair. “I spent a summer in college
building them on the Jersey Shore.” “You did?” I thought I knew everything about my dad—all his
random jobs. I knew about the apple farm, the summer at the hot sauce manufacturing plant, and
even the diner line-cook position, where he learned how to make the best omelet in the world. But
I never knew this.
“Yep. Now let me teach you how to use this saw.”
As he explained the importance of not bending too low, I realized that maybe it’s not that there’s
nothing left to say. Maybe it’s just that I’ve spent my life asking him the wrong questions.
A few weeks later, after my family and I moved back into our renovated house, I called my
parents. Dad answered. “Hi, sweets,” he said. “Here’s Mom.” “Wait, Dad,” I said. “How are you?”
We ended up talking about the consulting job he was working on, a new battery he’d bought for his
sailboat, a refinance my husband and I were looking into to relieve our home loan. Nothing life-
changing. To anyone else, it would sound like a normal conversation between a dad and his daughter.
But to me, it was novel. A new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my
dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.
56. Why did the author’s conversations with her dad become shorter over time?
A. She got married and didn’t have time to talk.
B. Her dad became less talkative as he got older.
C. She realized that her dad didn’t know everything.
D. She felt that she needed less help from her father.
57. What did the author find while living with her parents this past summer?
A. Her father was quite talkative.
B. Her father was keen on making things by himself.
C. She didn’t know as much about her father as she had thought.
D. She didn’t notice her father was aged and needed her assistance.
58. Why did the author call her dad after she moved back into her renovated house?
A. To learn more about her father’s past experiences.
B. To catch up and try to have a normal conversation.
C. To ask for help with more household repairing tips.
D. To thank him for letting her and her family stay with him.
59. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. DIY with my dad: Learning to be independent
B. From fixing toilets to building bulkheads: Changing my lifestyle
C. Reconnecting with my father: A lesson in asking the right questions
D. Lessons in self-sufficiency: How Google replaced my dad’s knowledge
(B)
The term “seal” is often used to refer to both seals and sea lions, but there are several
characteristics that set seals and sea lions apart.
Seals and sea lions are both in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedia, thus they are called
“pinnipeds.” Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. They usually have a
streamlined barrel shape (桶形) and four flippers at the end of each limb (四肢). They also give
birth to live young and nurse their young. Pinnipeds are protected by a thick layer of fat under their
skin and fur to keep them warm in water. There are three families of pinnipeds: the Phocidae, the
earless or true seals; the Otariidae, the eared seals, and the Odobenidae, the walruses.
Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals)
Earless seals have no visible ear flaps, although they still have ears, which may be visible as a
dark spot or small hole on the side of their head.
“True” seals:
⚫ Have no external ear flaps.
⚫ Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred.
⚫ Have front flippers that are short, furry and thick in appearance.
⚫ Can be found in both marine and freshwater environments.
Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions)
One of the most noticeable features of eared seals is their ears, but they also move around
differently than true seals.
Eared seals:
⚫ Have external ear flaps.
⚫ Are only found in marine environments.
⚫ Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind
flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even
run, on their flippers. The “seals” you may see performing at
marine parks are often sea lions.
⚫ May gather in larger groups than true seals. Sea lions are
much more vocal than true seals, and make a variety of loud,
barking noises.
Characteristics of Walruses
Wondering about walruses, and how they differ from seals and sea lions? Walruses are
pinnipeds, but they are in the family, Odobenidae. One obvious difference between walruses, seals
and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. These
tusks are present in both males and females.
Other than tusks, walruses have some similarities to both seals and sea lions. Like true seals,
walruses don’t have visible ear flaps. But, like eared seals, walruses can walk on their flippers by
rotating their hind flippers under their body.
60. According to the passage, which of the following statements about pinnipeds is true?
A. Pinnipeds are good swimmers.
B. Pinnipeds are afraid of cold weather.
C. Pinnipeds are of the Phocidae family.
D. Seals and sea lions are pinnipeds, while walruses are not.
61. One way to distinguish a sea lion and a true seal is that __________.
A. the sea lion cannot play ball B. the true seal cannot hear well
C. the sea lion doesn’t have ear flaps D. the true seal can’t walk with hind flippers
62. Which of the following picture best illustrates a walrus?
A. B.
C. D.
(C)
The curb cut (下斜路缘). It’s a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without
it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb,
skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these
tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended
with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps
(斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights
leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley,
California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections
to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平).
The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review
piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity
“as a zero-sum game.” Basically, that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally
supporting one group hurts another.” What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that
“when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate
and contribute fully, everyone wins.”
There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that
create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits
people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with
opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that
benefits everyone. Even the football huddle (围成一团以秘密商讨) was initially created to help
deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could
have read their sign language. Today, it’s used by every team to shield the opponent from learning
about game-winning strategies.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike
directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down
walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all
of us.
63. By “might as well have been Mount Everest” (paragraph 3), the disability rights leader implies
that a six-inch curb may become __________.
A. as famous as the world’s highest mountain
B. an almost impassable barrier
C. a connection between people
D. a most unforgettable matter
64. According to Angela Blackwell, many people believe that __________.
A. it’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others
B. it’s impossible to have everyone be treated equally
C. it’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled
D. it’s not worthwhile to promote health equity
65. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.
B. Four great inventions of China spread to the west.
C. Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.
D. Classic literature got translated into many languages.
66. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. Everyday items are originally invented for people with disabilities.
B. Everyone in a society should pursue what is in his or her interest.
C. A disability rights leader changed the life of his fellow men.
D. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that
the animals have feelings.
B. Anyone who claims to know what animals feel doesn’t have science on their side.
C. In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a
food treat.
D. Many people think that empathy is a special emotion only humans show.
E. Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling.
F. This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like
feelings.
Do animals have feelings?
People often assign feelings to animals. That zoo polar bear’s vacant stare must mean he’s sad.
The uh-oh expression a dog flashes after knocking over the garbage indicates shame. But scientists
haven’t determined whether these human-like expressions really mean anything. After all, it’s very
difficult to read a dog’s mind.
Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are
responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have
revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. 67
Even animals that don’t have spindle cells, such as dogs, have shown behaviors that can suggest
a human-like social sense. 68 Scientists report that this shows dogs are sensitive to
human social cues and are able to correctly interpret them. Still, this only proves that dogs know
how to find food, not that they have feelings.
Observations of apes have also revealed behavior that appears to represent various human-like
desires. In some tests, chimpanzees demonstrate what looks like altruism (利他主义) helping their
own kind and even other species without the expectation of a reward.
69 In a recent study, a Barnard College researcher tested dogs to see if their guilty
looks were linked to actual bad behavior. Dogs were tempted with a treat and told by their owners
not to eat it. The dog’s owners weren’t allowed to see whether their pets had eaten the treat or not,
but were told either that they did or that they didn’t, and were then instructed to scold the dogs that
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