2024年6月5日发(作者：)
Kunming
1.昆明别称：
Nickname(s): City of Eternal Spring, Tuodong City, Yachi Fu, Yunnanfu
2.昆明简介：
Kūnmíng is the capital and largest city of Yunnan (云南) Province in Southwest
China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou (云南府,
Yúnnánfǔ
) until the 1920s. A
prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural
centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government. It is also home to
several universities, museums, galleries and other important economic, cultural,
and educational institutions. The headquarters of many of Yunnan's large
businesses are in Kunming as well. It was important during World War II as a
Chinese military center, American air base, and transport terminals for the Burma
Road. Located in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Kunming is located at
an altitude of 1,950 m above sea level and at a latitude just north of the Tropic of
Cancer. It covers an area of 21,473 square kilometres (8,291 sq mi) and its urban
area covers 2,081 km
2
(803 sq mi). Kunming has population of 6,432,212 including
3,055,000 in the urban area and is located at the northern edge of the large Lake
Dian, surrounded by temples and lake-and-limestone hill landscapes.
Its economic importance derives from its geographical position. It is
positioned near the border with Southeastern Asian countries, serving as a
transportation hub in Southwest China, linking by rail to Vietnam and by road to
Burma and Laos. This positioning also makes it an important trade center in this
region of the nation. It also houses some manufacturing, chiefly copper, though
some other chemicals, machinery, textiles, paper and cement take key. Though
having a nearly 2,400 year history, its modern prosperity dates only from 1910,
when the railroad from Hanoi was built. The city has continued to develop rapidly
under China's modernization efforts. Kunming's streets have widened while office
buildings and housing projects develop at a fast pace. Kunming has been
designated a special tourism center and as such sports a proliferation of high-rises
and luxury hotels.
3.昆明发展：
Because of the Wars, like World War II, until 1952, Kunming was a walled city.
The city government in 1952 ordered hundreds of young people to tear down the
wall and use its bricks to make a new road running north-south. To show its
appreciation for the young people that demolished the east wall, the city
government named the new street after them. Their existence still echoes today in
place names like Xiao Ximen (小西门, 'Lesser west gate') and Beimen Jie (北门街,
'North gate Street'). There are also less obvious connections to the wall, such as
Qingnian Lu (青年路, 'Youth Road'), which was once Kunming's east wall.
Infrastructure improvements have been underway to improve links between
Kunming and Southeast Asia in time for the 2010 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area,
which would have a population of approximately 1.8 billion. The FTA is expected to
make Kunming a trade and financial center for Southeast Asia. In addition to
physical improvements to enhance Kunming's trade with Southeast Asia, the
central and provincial governments have made financial preparations to assist the
city's emergence. At the end of 2004, the central government approved Kunming
to be one of the 18 mainland cities in which foreign banks could conduct business
in renminbi（人民币）.
4.昆明天气：
Located at an elevation of 1,950 meters on the Yungui Plateau with low
latitude and high elevation, Kunming has one of the mildest climates in China,
characterised by short, cool dry winters with mild days and crisp nights, and long,
warm and humid summers, but much cooler than the lowlands. The weather never
gets very hot in summer; the temperature has exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) only on a
handful of occasions. However, freak snowfalls occur in occasional winters.
Controlled by a subtropical highland climate, average highs are around 15 °C
(59 °F) in winter and 24 °C (75 °F) in summer. With its perpetual spring-like weather
which provides the ideal climate for plants and flowers, Kunming is known as the
"City of Eternal Spring". The city is covered with blossoms and lush vegetation
all-year round. 10 The period from May to October is the rainy season and the
rest of the year is dry. The city has a mean annual rainfall of 1,010 millimetres
(40 in), with an annual sunshine period of 2,250 hours and an annual frost-free
period of 230 days. Extreme temperatures in the city have ranged from −7.8 °C
(18 °F) to 32.2 °C (90 °F).
5.昆明城区介绍：
The prefecture-level city of Kunming has jurisdiction over 14 subdivisions; five
districts（such as Panlong District, Wuhua District, Xishan District）, one
county-level city(Anning City), five counties(such as Chenggong County, Jinning
County), and three autonomous counties(like Shilin Yi Autonomous County).
Kunming is bounded by Qujing City to the east, Honghe Hani and Yi
Autonomous Prefecture to the southeast and Yuxi City to the southwest, Chuxiong
Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west and Zhaotong City to the northeast.
Kunming also borders with Panzhihua prefecture level city and Liangshan Yi
Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province.
The city center of Kunming has three major squares and five major streets:
Jinma Biji Square, Nanping Square and Dongfeng Square along with Nanping Jie,
Jinbi Lu, Renmin Lu, Zhengyi Lu and Jingxin Jie. Qingnian Lu, Zhengyi Lu, and
Renmin Lu are the main commercial areas in Kunming; the most popular
pedestrian streets are Nanping Jie, Jingxing Birds-Flowers' Market, and Jinma
Biji Fang.
Kunming's public focus is the huge square outside the Workers' Cultural Hall
at the Beijing Lu-Dongfeng Lu intersection, where in the mornings there are
crowds doing taijiquan and playing badminton. Weekend amateur theatre are also
performed in the square. Rapidly being modernized, the city's true center is west
of the square across the adjacent Panlong River (now more of a canal), outside the
Kunming Department Store at the Nanping Lu/Zhengyi Lu crossroads, a densely
crowded shopping precinct packed with clothing and electronics stores. The river
is polluted, black and oily. Surrounding the area are plenty of new high-rises.
Within Kunming, the entertainment district has its focus around Kunming
Square, with many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants. Eating out is the main
pleasure after dark in Kunming. Food aside, one feature of less formal Yunnanese
restaurants is that they often have a communal bamboo water pipe and tobacco
for their customers. Nightlife has improved recently, thanks to rising incomes and
tourist population. There are plenty of student bars and clubs. The city has several
operatic troupes and indigenous entertainments which include
huadeng
, a lantern
dance. Although indoor performances are lacking, there are often informal shows
at the weekend outside the Workers' Cultural Hall and in Cuihu Park. There are
similar shows at the Yunnan Arts Theater on Dongfeng Xi Lu. Kunming's main
cinema house is on the south side of the Dongfeng Lu/Zhengyi Lu intersection.
The other main multiplex, the XJS, at the junction of Wenlin Jie and Dongfeng Xi
Lu.
6.昆明景点：
The Yunnan Nationalities Village /Yunnan Ethnic Villages(云南民族村): The
village acts as a shortcut to understand the social customs of the ethnic groups in
Yunnan. It has a natural sun-bathing area where you can escape from het heat of
summer. Twenty-five ethnic nationalities have their respective villages and conduct
many activities to present their unique folkways and beautiful clothes. Also you
can enjoy the water screen movie and an elephant performance, have a taste of
the local dishes and buy pretty handicrafts.
The Dianchi Lake(滇池): Dianchi Lake is about 300square kilometers. It is the
largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province and the sixth largest one in China. With
picturesque and its location on the Yungui Plateau, the lake has a reputation as ‘A
Pearl on the Plateau’. Unfortunately, the lake has been polluted. Although
efforts have been made to save the lake, they have been largely unsuccessful.
Cuihu Park (Green Lake Park)（翠湖公园） is one of Kunming's major park and
is predominately a lake surrounded by greenery. It has a large and elaborate
network of waterways and winding paths, with broad, lotus-covered pools and
overhanging willows. It is a place where thousands exercise, do taijiquan, sing and
feed the flocks of black-headed gulls. Located in the west side of the park is the
statue of one of Yunnan's most famous patriots - Nie Er, the composer of China's
national anthem.
Daguan Park（大观楼） lies on Dian Chi in Kunming's southwestern limits.
Originally laid out by the energetic seventeenth-century Qing emperor Kangxi, it
has been modified over the years to include a noisy funfair, food stalls and
emporiums, and is a favourite haunt of Kunming's youth.
Kunming's zoo（昆明动物园）, founded in 1950, is adjoined to Yuantong Park.
The zoo houses 5,000 animals from 140 species and receives 3 million visitors a
year.
15
The "Garden of the World Horticultural Exposition"（世博园）, located in the
northern suburbs of Kunming, is six kilometers from central Kunming. From May 1
to October 31, 1999, Kunming held the 1999 World Horticulture Exposition, with
the theme of "Man and Nature-Marching Toward the 21st Century". In the garden,
visitors can see gardening and horticultural works from all over China and East
Asia. All the horticultural works in the garden concentrate on the theme of "Man
and Nature", with pavilions, towers, terraces, banks, islets and bridges.
The "Golden Hall Scenic Zone"（金殿）, located on the Mingfeng Hill in the
northern suburbs of Kunming, is eight kilometers from central Kunming.
Constructed in 1602 (the 30th year of the Wanli reign period of the Ming Dynasty),
all of its beans, pillars, arches, doors, windows, tiles, Buddhist statues, and
horizontal inscribed boards are made of copper, weighing more than 200 tons. It is
the largest copper building in China.
Yuantong Temple（圆通寺） is northern Yunnan's major Buddhist temple and
an active place of pilgrimage. It is Kunming's largest and most famous temple with
the original structure being first constructed more than 1,200 years ago during the
Tang Dynasty. The temple sits on the southern slopes of Yuantong Park. Northwest
about 12 km from the city center is the Qiongzhu Si (Bamboo Temple) built in 639
and rebuilt in 1422 to 1428.
Haigeng National Training Center（海埂训练中心） is located on Lake Dianchi
near Kunming's award-winning Lakeview Golf Club and new condominium
developments, and is relatively isolated. It contains eight basketball courts, weight
rooms, indoor and outdoor tennis courts, a dozen football pitches, two running
tracks, a pool for swimming and one for diving. It also has a large snooker hall, a
room for table tennis and a volleyball gym. Athletes, coaches and team managers
stay onsite in the complex's many dormitories and hotel rooms.
Hongta Sports Center（红塔体育中心） was built in 2000 by one of Yunnan's
largest corporations Hongta cigarette company with a cost of US$58 million. Near
Haigeng Park, the complex is mostly used by professional athletes but also acts as
a sports club for the general public. The general public can use all of its extensive
facilities and every weekend, it hosts amateur football matches. Aside from about
10 football pitches, including one surrounded by a running track, Hongta also has
a 50 m swimming pool, a badminton gymnasium, tennis courts and a basketball
court. It also has one of China's few ice hockey rinks, and a workout room with
treadmills and weightlifting machines. There are also game rooms for air hockey
and pool tables, and a basement bowling alley. Hongta also has a 101-room hotel
and restaurant.
Other parks in Kunming include Black Dragon Pool（黑龙潭）, and the
Kunming Botanical Gardens（植物园） in the north, and Wenmiao Tea Garden in
Wuhua District.
7.昆明美食：
Kunming's cuisine is distinctly Yunnanese and combines fresh ingredients
afforded by the moderate climate with mild herbs and spices giving its cooked
dishes sufficient flavour but lacking the pungency associated with food from other
regions of the country. The city's climate fosters the growth of literally hundreds of
species of mushroom which are consequently a predominant feature of many
dishes. There are other regional Chinese cuisines, with a few upmarket restaurants
serving international dishes. Back lanes running north off Dongfeng Xi Lu or Jinbi
Lu have the famous stalls and restaurants where the locals offer specialties such as
grilled cheese, hotpots, fried snacks rolled in chilli powder, loaves of meat-stuffed
soda bread, and rich duck and chicken casseroles. The special dish of Kunming is
guò qiáo mĭxiàn, a boiling, chicken soup with rice noodles under a very thin layer
of oil. Raw meat and vegetables are added by the consumer to ensure the
ingredients are fresh and the ingredients will be cooked in the hot soup since the
cut of the raw meat and vegetables are extremely thin. The legend behind
"crossing bridge noodles" involves a student studying for the imperial exam
(which was given once per year). He went to study on an island a short way from
his wife and village. Every day his wife would bring him food, but because of the
distance (she had to cross a bridge) the food would get cold. The student's wife
figured out that by layering the broth with oil, she could keep the food hot.
Some of the most famous Kunming food is as follows:
Over the Bridge Rice Noodles Guo qiao mi xian 过桥米线
Steam Potted Chicken 气锅鸡
Er Kuai (Rice Cake) 饵块
Smoked Smelly Bean Curd, a popular night stall snack 臭豆腐
The Eight Treasures of Yunnan, a type of stuffed cake
8.云南民族村：
The Yunnan Nationalities Village (云南民族村) is located on the northeastern
shore of Dianchi Lake and is a good place to show visitors to Yunnan the cultural
ways and traditions of the numerous ethnic groups in the province.
In the Village compound, 25 different independent villages have been planned,
but at present only about 20 have been constructed. In addition to these "ethnic
villages", there are activities that take place such as a welcoming ceremony with
performing White Elephants, the Dinosaur Island theme park area, a concert area
for ethnic singing and dancing performances, as well as an Asian Elephant show in
the Plaza of Ethnic Unity.
The climax of a visit to the Nationalities Park is a film shown on a fountain of
water. The "villagers" are all chosen from the youth of the relevant nationalities to
act as guides and performers for tourists. The three major villages represent the
Dai, the Bai and the Yi nationalities.
The Bai Village is famous for its Butterfly Museum, which is the biggest of its
kind in China. The museum is a typical Bai construction, which is comprised of
rooms and residences on three sides and a wall on the southern side.
The southern wall is typically decorated quite beautifully with an ornate flower
bed. Part of the reason for this architecture is that Dali (where a majority of Bais
live) is a windy town, where the wind, while not very strong, blows all year round.
Also in the Village, there is a replicated temple dedicated to the God of Erhai Lake
(modeled after a temple in Dali). The young warrior, enshrined in the temple, was
known as Duan Chicheng.
He exterminated evil villains and spirits for the Bai people and has been
worshipped as the safeguard of the Bai people around Dali ever since. If you burn
several sticks of incense to him, you may also gain his protection, but we'd
recommend trying it at the real temple in Dali.
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