2024年6月14日发(作者：)

When I was preparing the postgraduate entrance examination of

NNU(Nanjing Normal University),some of these following concepts had been

tested,but there's no specific or clear explanation in the textbook required by

the in preparing the second-round examination I read them in

other relevant books, I wrote down here for your they are

useful to some of you.

1. Acculturation(同化过程） is a process in which members of one cultural

group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group.

2. Adjacency pair（相邻语对）;a sequence of two utterances by different

speakers in conversation. The second is a response to the first, such as

question/answer sequences and greeting/greeting exchange.

3. affix: a bound morpheme that is attached to a stem and modifies its

meaning in some way.

4. agreement (concord)（一致）: a grammatical phenomenon in which the

form of one word in a sentence is determined by the form of another word which is

grammatically linked to it. E.g. in the sentence

The boy goes to school every

day.

There is an agreement in number between

boy

and

goes

.

lators（发音器官): the tongue,lips,and velum, which change the shape

of the vocal tract to produce different speech sounds.

(体）: the grammatical category representing distinction in the

temporal structure of an event. English has two aspect construction---the perfect

and the progressive.(完成体和进行体)

tion(吐气）; the puff of air that sometimes follows the pronounciation

of a stop consonant. E.g. /p/ in the word pit.

ant（辅音）; a speech sound produced by partial or complete closure

of part of the vocal tract, thus obstructing the airflow and creating audible friction.

Consonants are described in terms of voicing, place of articulation, and manner of

articulation.

9. converstional implicature（会话含义）: meanings that are explicable in the

light of converational maxims.

icative competence（交际能力）; the ability to use language

appropriately in social situations.

11. constituent（成分）: a syntactic unit that functions as part of a large unit

within a sentence; typical constituent types are verb phrase, noun phrase,

prepositional phrase and clause.

(格)：the grammatical category in inflectional languages by which the

form of a noun or noun phrase varies for grammatical or semantic reasons. English

has only one case distinction in nouns—the genitive case(所有格), but English