2024年5月3日发(作者：)

Bird's Nest

Abstract:

The main venue for the Beijing Olympics, the National Stadium, widely known as the

Bird’s Nest because of its unique design, has become a nationwide sensation.

The removal of the elements helped to bring the project under the reduced construction

budget of $290 million, from an original $500 million. With the removal of the retractable

roof, the building was lightened, which helped it stand up to seismic activity; however, the

upper section of the roof was altered to protect fans from weather. Due to the stadium's

outward appearance, it was nicknamed "The Bird's Nest". The phrase was first used by

Herzog & de Meuron, though the pair still believes "there should be many ways of

perceiving a building. "The use is a compliment Li explained, "In China, a bird's nest is

very expensive, something you eat on special occasions."

Introduction:

The National Stadium is situated in the Beijing Olympic Green. During the Beijing 2008

Olympic Games, the opening

ceremony, closing ceremony, track

and field meets, and men's football

final will be held here. It is the

world's largest steel structure and

the most complex stadium ever

constructed. Its design had to be

inspiring and be able to withstand

an earthquake. So 'light weight'

was combined with strength in 110

000 tons of a new grade of steel,

the purest ever developed in China, including 36km of steel struts. It has been a landmark

and a longstanding symbol of the Olympics. It is "one of the key engineering marvels in

the world today."

The Bird's Nest was the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and it has a

seating capacity of over 91,000. With a simple and classical space effects, the National

Stadium is beautifully designed; and all the structural parts support with each other,

forming a network framework. It looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. After the

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the stadium will become a sports and entertainment facility

for the residents of Beijing. And it will become another important tourist attraction of

Beijing.

By the 2001 Pritzker Prize winner Herzog, and the Chinese architect Li Xinggang de

Meuron collaborated giant stadium design, forms as life" nest", it is more like a cradle, is

entrusted with the mankind's hope for the future. The designers of the National Stadium

did not do any extra processing, just give the structure is exposed outside, so the natural

formation of the appearance of a building.

Design and construction:

Located in the Olympic Green, the stadium cost US$423 million. The design was awarded

to a submission from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron in April 2003 after a

bidding process that included 13 final submissions. The design, which originated from the

study of Chinese ceramics, implemented steel beams in order to hide supports for the

retractable roof; giving the stadium the appearance of a "Bird's nest". Leading Chinese

artist Ai Weiwei was the artistic consultant on the project. The retractable roof was later

removed from the design after inspiring the stadium's most recognizable aspect. Ground

was broken in 24 December 2003 and the stadium officially opened in 28 June 2008. A

shopping mall and a hotel are planned to be constructed to increase use of the stadium,

which has had trouble attracting events, football and otherwise after the Olympics.

The entire structure component of the stadium composes the mutual support to form a

grid structure. It looks like a bird's nest and the gray steel mesh is covered by transparent

material. It contains a bowl-shaped stadium which is red. Here, the hollow out style, the

ceramic lines, the red refulgence and warm, and the most advanced modern steel

structure design are perfectly blended together.

The whole building is related through the giant reticular structure, without one column in

the interior. The stand is shaped like bowl which

give the stadium unbelievable dramaticism and

incomparable appeal. The continuous loop will

also make the audience get the best view and

promote their emotion. It can also encourag

e

players to be faster, higher and stronger. Here,

people, really have been given the center

position.

The crust of the stadium can be made by the diaphragm, make to completely waterproof.

The sun can penetrate through the transparent roof to meet the growth of the indoor turf.

During a game, the stands can change through various ways and can satisfy the different

requirements of different audiences. During the Olympic Games, 20000 temporary seats

are on the top of the stadium and can ensure that everyone can clearly see the whole game.

The entrance, the exit and the crowd flow through the regional division and reasonable

streamline design had been settled perfectly.

The eastern and western stands of Beijing National Stadium are higher than northern and

southern stands, in order to improve sightlines. A 24-hour per day rainwater collector is

located near the stadium; after water is purified, it is used throughout and around the

stadium. Pipes placed under the playing surface gather heat in the winter to warm the

stadium and coldness in the summer to cool the stadium. The stadium's design originally

called for a capacity of 100,000 people; however 9,000 were removed during a

simplification of the design. The new total of 91,000 would be shaved further when 11,000

temporary seats were removed after the 2008 Olympics; bringing the stadium's capacity

to 80, farthest seat is 460 feet (140 meters) from center field. Temperature and

airflow of every surface were optimized to increase ventilation.