2024年5月5日发(作者：)
第88课:Trapped in a mine困在矿井里
【New words and expressions】生词和短语（12）
trap [træp]v. 陷入，使陷于困境
surface ['sə:fis] n. 地面，表面
explosive [ik'spləusiv] n. 炸药
vibration [vai'breiʃən] n. 震动
collapse [kə'læps] v. 坍塌
drill [dril] v. 钻孔
capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 容器
layer ['leiə] n. 层
beneath [bi'ni:θ] prep. 在......之下
lower ['ləuə]v. 放下，降低
progress ['prəuɡres, 'prɔ-, prəu'ɡres] v. 进展，进行
smoothly ['smu:ðli] adv. 顺利地
trap [træp]v. 陷入，使陷于困境
1)v.陷入，使陷于困境
was trapped in the game preserve.他被困在禁猎区
in the game preserve 在禁猎区
They were trapped in cave. 他们被困在山洞里。
Due to the heavy snow,they were trapped in the house in the mountain.
由于大雪，他们被困在山中的房子里。
2）v.将（某人）诱入圈套，诱骗（某人）
trap sb. into doing 诱骗某人做某事
trapped her into marrying him.他们诱骗她嫁给了他。
3）n.（捕鸟兽等用的）陷阱，圈套
a bear caught in a trap 困在陷阱里的熊
set a trap for mouse /set a mousetrap 放老鼠夹
4）n．诡计，圈套，策略
fell into a trap.他落入了圈套。
surface ['sə:fis] n. 地面，表面
1）n.地面，表面
surface of the road in the rainy day is very slippery.
雨天路面很滑。
Many problems came to the surface.
许多问题浮出水面。
2)n.外表，外观
look only at the surface of things 看事物只看外表
on the surface 表面上的，外观上的
friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊
looked satisfied on the surface.
那个时候你表面上看起来很满足。
3）adj.表面的，外表的
surface differences 表面上的差异
surface kindness 表面上的好心
短语：
surface mail 陆（水）路邮件，普通邮件（相反的airmail航空邮件）
send a letter by surface mail 通过陆路或水路邮寄一封信
explosive [ik'spləusiv] n. 炸药
1）n.爆炸物，炸药
invented the explosive.
诺贝尔发明了炸药。
He is a brilliant explosive expert.
他是一个出色的爆破专家。
high explosive 强力炸药 TNT
2）adj.爆发的，爆发性的
an explosive substance 爆炸物
Explosion n.
1） 爆发，破裂，爆炸声
a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸
2） 爆发
an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声
explode v.
1）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件
heat exploded the corked bottle.热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。
2）（因生气，笑等）使（感情）爆发
exploded in anger.他大发脾气。
His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy.
看她亲另一个男孩子，他醋劲大发。
vibration [vai'breiʃən] n. 震动
vibration of the earthquake lasted two days.
地震的余波持续了两天。
the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的震动
vibrate
1）v.震动，摇动
shoulder vibrated with anger.他气得双肩直颤动。
2）v.受。。。而感动，（心）颤动，惊动
heart vibrated to the soulful painting.
那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵
collapse [kə'læps] v. 坍塌
★collapse v. 坍塌
1) v. 倒塌，瓦解，崩溃
Eg. Many houses collapsed in the storm.很多房子在暴风雨中倒塌了。
The bridge suddenly collasped.
桥突然塌了。
2） v.（因精疲力竭）倒下；（身体等）垮掉
many years’ hard work, my mother’s health collapsed.
在许多年的辛勤工作后，我妈妈的身体垮了。
3）v.（计划，事业等）垮掉，挫败
project collapsed because of shortage of funds.
我们的计划因资金不足而遭挫败。
4）v．折叠，可折叠
table collapses, so I can store it easily.
collapse a tent 把帐篷折叠起来
drill [dril] v. 钻孔
1）v.钻孔
workers were drilling holes on a road.
工人们在道路上钻孔
drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻孔
drill a tooth 在牙上钻孔
2)v.训练（某人），反复练习，接受
drill troops 操练军队
drill in English pronunciation 英语发音练习
3）n．钻孔机
an electric dirll 电动钻孔机
make a hole a drill 用钻孔机钻洞
4）n.训练，演练，演习
a fire drill 消防演习
drill in English words 英文单词的反复练习
capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 容器 ，胶囊
eg. The capsule was tightly sealed.
这个容器密封得很好。
He swallowed two capsules at a time.
他一下吃了两粒胶囊。
各种药：
pill 药丸
powder 药粉
tablet 药片
capsule 胶囊
layer ['leiə] n. 层
1）层，一层
furniture was covered with a fine layer of dust.
家具上蒙了一层薄薄的灰尘。
a layer of clay 一层黏土
a cake with two layers 双层蛋糕
2）置放者，砌。。。的人
a bricklayer 泥瓦匠
3）下蛋的鸡
a good layer 常下蛋的鸡
a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡
beneath [bi'ni:θ] prep. 在......之下
1）在。。。之下（可用以表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under）
is beneath the soil?
土壤下面是什么？
Let’s take a rest beneath the tree。
让我们在树下休息一会儿。
2）（地位，价值）较差的，较不值得的
behavior is beneath contempt.他的行为让人不齿。
Such words are beneath you.说这种话有失你的身份。
lower ['ləuə]v. 放下，降低 gaze
1）v.放低（高度，位置），变低，下降
eg. She lowered her head under his.
在他的注视下她低下了头。
lower the flag 降旗
lower the sails 降帆
lower the water in the canal [kə'næl] 降低运河中的水位
2）v.降低（价格，数量，程度，声音等）
prices of several goods were lowered.
一些商品的价格降低了。
lower the rent of a house 降低房租
lower one’s voice 降低声音
progress ['prəuɡres, 'prɔ-, prəu'ɡres] v. 进展，进行
1)v. [prəu'ɡres] 进展，进行
peace talks progressed well.
和平会谈进展得很好。
The economic cooperation progressed remarkably.
经济合作进展顺利。
2）v.进步，上进
have progressed quickly in English.你英语方面进步很快。
3）❤ n. ['prəuɡres] 前进，进行
make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前进
make slow progress toward the destination 朝目的地缓慢前进
❤n.进步
the progress of medicine 医药的进步
smoothly ['smu:ðli] adv. 顺利地，平滑地
go smoothly 进展顺利
project did not go smoothly.
这项工程进行得不太顺利。
smooth
1） adj. 平滑的，顺利的
a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤
a smooth road 顺畅的道路
Eg. The thing becomes smooth finally .
事情终于变得一切顺利。
（反义词rough）
2）adj.口齿伶俐的
A smooth talker 一个口齿伶俐的讲话者
3）adj.温和的
is smooth in his manners.他举止彬彬有礼。
4）v.使平滑，使平坦
Smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布
课文部分
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not
brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations
are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the
mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of
the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not
been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a
few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a
long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two
hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and
confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations
are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard
rock, they would lose heart.
参考翻译：
6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可
能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因
此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。
如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。
实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以
前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽然他们的食物和饮料都快
消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行
得非常顺利。如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。
【课文讲解】
1、Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.
6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。
Be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井
a gold mine 一个金矿
work in a mine 在矿上工作
2、If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.
如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。
真实条件句，对可能发生的事进行假设，主句用may+V-原形，情态表示将来的情况，
从句用一般现在时。
Be brought to the surface 被救到地面上
Lose one’s life 丧生
3、However, rescue operations are proving difficult.
然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。
rescue operations 营救工作
Rescue
1）v.（从危险等）救出
Rescue…from
rescued a boy from drowning.他们从水中救出一个男孩。
2）n.救助
Go to one’s rescue 去营救某人
prove vt. 证明是，结果是
Prove +adj.
proves difficult.
Prove + to be
Eg. It proves to be difficult.
Prove that…
proves that it is difficult.
4、If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.
如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。
真实条件句，主句用 will do ，从句使用一般现在时，对将来可能发生的事情进行假
设
5、Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。
therefore adv. 因此，所以（可独立使用，也可位于动词前）
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
so conj. 所以，因此（不能放在动词前）
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
on the north side of the mine.矿井的北侧
on both sides of the street 马路两侧
on the other side of the square 在广场另一边
6、They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.
他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。
intend to do sth.打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
bring up
1）养育，培养，教育
brought up three children.她养大了三个孩子。
a well-brought up child 有教养的孩子
2）提出话题
new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.在会议上他提出新的建
议。
7、If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have
completed the job in a few hours.
如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成
了。
非真实条件句，主句用would have done.从句为过去完成时，had done.的结构
8、As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long
way to go.
实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。
as it is =as it was 事实上，实际上 =in fact /as a matter of fact
Eg.I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
I promised to return books yesterday. As it is, I won’t be able to do so until
next Monday.
have been drilling 现在完成进行时，表示一直
a long way to go 有很长的路要走，本文但离钻透还早着呢
three mouths to go 还有三个月
9、Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago,
has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。
which 引导的非限制性定语从句
enable vt. 使……能够
enable sb. to do 让某人有能力做某事
new contact enables us to demand whatever we want.
新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。
前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger（危及，使遭受
危险），enlarge（扩
大，扩展，扩充），enslave（奴役，使成为奴隶），entrap（使……入陷阱/圈套，欺
骗）
keep in touch with 与……保持联系（可以用stay，get等其他动词）
still keep in touch with his old friends.他仍和他的老朋友保持联系
out of touch 失去联系
closest relatives 直系亲属 （immediatel relatives）
10、Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers
lost heart at once.
10、Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and
confident that they will get out soon.
虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。
run out of =use up用完，用尽
run after 追赶
Eg. A dog is running after a cat.
run over 撞倒
Eg. That boy was nearly run over by a car. 那个男孩差点被车撞到了。
run in 磨合运转，磨合试车
run into/across 偶遇 meet with/come across/meet by chance/meet by
accident
11、They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.
他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。
rescue operation 救护工作，拯救行动
progress [prəu'ɡres]v.
12、If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would
lose heart.
如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。
非真实条件句，与现在事实相反
drill through 钻透
lose heart 失望，丧失信心/勇气，泄气，灰心
（lose one’s nerve ）
不定式做真正宾语，it 形式宾语
关键句型
if 条件句
1． 真实条件句——对将来可能发生事情的假设，时态要求：主将从现
2． 非真实条件句
1） 与现在事实相反或对不可能的情况假设
主句：would do..
从句：一般过去式
2） 与过去事实相反的假设
主句would have done
从句：had done.
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